英语语法ppt.ppt

Grammatical Hierarchy;The grammar of the English language is organized into five ranks;The sentence is a grammatical unit that consists of one or more than one clauses. Make sentences like above (the clause, phrase, word, morpheme as subjects);Morphemes;Bound Morphemes;atypical, disagree, disapprove, impossible, invaluable, counterattack, maltreat, misunderstand, aside, forearm, internet, midsummer, postwar, subway, microwave, multicolor;Words;closed-class: preposition, pronoun, determiner, conjunction, auxiliary open-class: noun, adjective, adverb, main verb;Phrases;Clause (“subject + predicate”);Independent and dependent clauses(独立和从属);Example: Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz. ;Dependent Clause (DC) A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is markered by a dependent marker word. ;Example: When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz, …….;Dependent Marker Word (DM);Example: When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz, it was very noisy. (DM) Some common dependent markers are: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while. ;IC. IC. I went to the store. I didnt buy any bread. IC. IC. I went to the store; I didnt buy any bread. DC, IC. When I went to the store, I didnt buy any bread. IC DC. I didnt buy any bread when I went to the store.;Incorrect: I like this class, it is very interesting. Correct: I like this class. It is very interesting. (or) I like this class; it is very interesting. (or) I like this class; and it is very interesting. (or) I like this class because it is very interesting. (or) Because it is very interesting, I like this class.;Independent Clauses;Dependent or Subordinate Clause;Simple and complex clauses;Simple: John is