基因组214突变修复和重组.docVIP

14. Mutation, Repair and RecombinationLearning outcomes When you have read  HYPERLINK /books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.chapter.8349 Chapter 14, you should be able to Distinguish between the terms ‘mutation and ‘recombination, and define the various terms that are used to identify different types of mutation Describe, with specific examples, how mutations are caused by spontaneous errors in replication and by chemical and physical mutagens Recount, with specific examples, the effects of mutations on genomes and organisms Discuss the biological significance of hypermutation and programmed mutations Distinguish between the various types of DNA repair mechanism, and give detailed descriptions of the molecular events occurring during each type of repair Outline the link between DNA repair and human disease Draw diagrams, with detailed annotation, illustrating the processes of homologous recombination, gene conversion, site-specific recombination, conservative and replicative transposition, and retrotransposition, and discuss the biological significance of each of these mechanisms genomes are dynamic entities that change over time as a result of the cumulative effects of small-scale sequence alterations caused by  HYPERLINK /books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.glossary.9089 \l 9689 mutation and larger scale rearrangements arising from  HYPERLINK /books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.glossary.9089 \l 9877 recombination. Mutation and recombination can both be defined as processes that result in changes to a genome, but they are unrelated and we must make a clear distinction between them: A  HYPERLINK /books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.glossary.9089 \l 9689 mutation ( HYPERLINK /books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.section.8364 Section 14.1) is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a short region of a genome (  HYPERLINK /books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.figgrp.8360 Figure 14.1A ). Many mutations are  HYPERLINK /books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.glossary.9089 \l 9787 point mutations that replace one nuc