危险废物焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化处理试验研究-上海农林职业技术学院.doc

PAGE  PAGE 7 [收稿日期] 2012-11-12 [作者简介] 李华（1980- ），女，博士，讲师，主要从事环境及生态学研究。 危险废物焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化处理试验研究 李 华 （上海农林职业技术学院，上海松江：201600） 摘 要：以上海市某危险废物焚烧厂飞灰为研究对象，采用Na2S、FeSO4、Na3PO4、和Na3C3N3S3四种不同类型化学稳定药剂对飞灰进行了稳定化处理，并应用XRD、IR、SEM和连续化学提取法等仪器和手段对Na3C3N3S3处理焚烧飞灰的产物进行分析研究。研究结果表明，Na3C3N3S3对飞灰中的重金属Cr、Pb、Zn的稳定效果最好，Na3PO4对Cr无明显稳定效果。稳定后产物表面变得致密化，Na3C3N3S3与重金属离子生成的沉淀物干燥后无明显晶型存在。经稳定处理后飞灰中的重金属形态由弱酸提取态转化为可氧化态，减少了飞灰中重金属的浸出毒性。 关键词：危险废物焚烧飞灰；重金属；稳定化；形态分析 Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Hazardous Waste Incineration Fly Ash Li Hua （Shanghai Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture and Forestry, Songjiang, Shanghai, 201600） Abstract：Stabilization of heavy metals in hazardous waste incineration fly ash from a hazardous waste incineration plant in Shanghai by using four different kinds of chemical agents i.e., Na2S, FeSO4, Na3PO4 and Na3C3N3S3 were investigated in this study. And the treated fly ash using Na3C3N3S3 was analyzed by using XRD, FTIR, scanning electron microscope and sequential chemical extraction. The result of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure indicated that Na3C3N3S3 had an excellent stabilization to heavy metals, such as Cr, Pb, Zn, whereas the affect of Na3PO4 could be ignored for Cr. The SEM, XRD and IR results show that surface structure become stable, and the structure of the product was amorphous under atmospheric conditions. The fractionation analysis revealed that the distributions of heavy metals significant changed after treatment .The proportion of exchangeable decreased and oxidizable increased. Therefore the leaching toxicity of fly ash could be gradually reduced. Key words：hazardous waste incineration fly ash，heavy metal，stabilization，speciation analysis 随着社会和经济的快速发展，越来越多源自工矿企业、医疗机构的危险废物排放，严重影响到社会环境的和谐可持续发展。近年来国家对排放废物的主要处理处置方式有填埋和焚烧[1]。其中以焚烧发电技术无害化、减量化、资源化的三化优势得到了越来越多的关注与认可。但是焚烧后产生的焚烧飞灰其中富集了高浓度的重金属[2]、二噁英[3]等污染物，被国家列入《国家危险废物名录》[4]，很容易对环境造成二次污染，亟需经过安全有效的处理以便进行后续的填埋或资源化利用。 目前，国内外焚烧飞灰的处理技术主要分为三类：（1）固化/稳定化技术[5]；（2）金属提取技术[6]；（3）资源化利用技术[7]。其中化学稳定法以增容比