2011高翻英汉互译[同传].docVIP

2011北外高翻英汉互译（同传） 一、 It is not a coincidence 巧合，符合，一致that the global economy is experiencing the most severe严重的 case 实情，情况of unemployment失业，失业率 during the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Unemployment is highly dependent on 依靠的，依赖的，取决于，，，的economic activity活动，活力; in fact, growth and unemployment can be thought of as two sides of the same coin硬币: when economic activity is high, more production happens overall总体的，全面的, and more people are needed to produce the higher amount of goods and services. And when economic activity is low, firms cut jobs and unemployment rises. In that sense, unemployment is countercyclical反周期的, meaning that it rises when economic growth is low and vice versa.反之亦然 2011.5.12 12:50全球正经历这自大萧条以来最严重的经济危机，与此同时失业率也居高不下。这两者休戚相关。经济增长和失业率就像一枚硬币上的两面一样，相互影响。 失业率的降低依赖于经济的活力的增加。 经济增长快经济活动频繁时，人们需要更多的产品，需要更多的劳动力生产产品或提供劳务。反之，经济增长慢，经济活动频度低时，工厂减员，失业率上升。某种意义上我们可以说失业率的上升就表示经济增长的下降。 But unemployment does not fall in lockstep应循守旧 with an increase in growth. It is more common for businesses to first try to recover from a downturn开始下降，衰退，下降 by having the same number of employees do more work or turn out 结果是more products—that is, to increase their productivity.生产力，生产率 Only as the recovery复得 takes hold would businesses add workers. As a consequence, unemployment may start to come down下降 only well after an economic recovery begins. The phenomenon works in reverse反过来，相反 at the start of a downturn, when firms would rather reduce减少，降低 work hours, or impose 强迫，强加，把。。。强加于some pay cuts before they let workers go. Unemployment starts rising only if the downturn is prolonged延长. Because unemployment follows growth with a delay耽搁，延迟 it is called a lagging滞后，绝缘层材料 indicator of economic activity. 但是失业率的下降并不是紧紧跟随经济增长的步伐，并非前脚与后脚。经济增长的前兆一般是先有雇主生产更多的产品的需求，这种需求就是一个拐点和讯号。这种需求除非让雇主们增加员工然后导致失业率开始下跌。减少工作时间或限制减薪水在他们让工人走之前。失业率开始持续上升，如果这个拐点增长了。因为失业率变化延迟与经济增长的情况，所以叫做跷尾影响。 二、 Centuries ago, while Europe, Africa and the Americas were third-world poor, China was not