1土壤性质的变化及其对镉活性的影响-农业环境科学学报.doc

PAGE  淹水稻田中土壤性质的变化及其对土壤镉活性影响的研究进展  MACROBUTTON AcceptAllChangesShown 摘　要 ：近年来，面对稻田土壤镉（Cd）污染日益严重和“镉米”事件频发的现状，许多专家对稻田土壤镉的活性变化及其污染治理进行了大量研究，且大多数的研究表明淹水能降低稻田土壤Cd的活性和稻米Cd的含量。但是由于稻田土壤自身的复杂性以及影响因素的多样性、综合性和不确定性，尤其是在淹水条件下，稻田土壤性质（土壤胶体和团聚体、pH和Eh（pe+pH）、阴离子和阳离子、铁锰氧化物和含硫化合物、有机质和可溶性有机物、碳酸盐和磷酸盐、根系分泌物和微生物等）发生了复杂变化，使Cd活性变化更加复杂，Cd污染的防控和修复更加困难。本文综述了淹水条件下稻田土壤性质的变化，并阐述了这些变化对土壤中Cd活性的影响。其次，对该领域的研究方向进行了展望，为Cd污染稻田实现农业安全生产提供理论依据，并为Cd污染土壤的修复治理提供参考。  MACROBUTTON AcceptAllChangesInDoc 关键词 ：淹水；稻田；土壤性质；镉活性；镉污染 Research Progress of Soil Property’s Changes and Its Impacts on Soil Cadmium Activity in Flooded Paddy Field  MACROBUTTON AcceptAllChangesInDoc Abstract : Soil is the first line of defense to protect the crop safety, and the material basis for the human food quality and ecological environmental security. Since soil cadmium (Cd) pollution in paddy field and “Cd-polluted rice” issue become more severe in recent years, more and more researches focus on the changes of soil Cd activity and its pollution restoration. Previous results showed that submerged condition could help decrease soil Cd activity in soil and also lower the Cd content in rice. However, due to the complexity of the soil, and the diversity, comprehensiveness and uncertainty of external factors, especially under submerged condition, soil properties may have complex change. On one hand, the adsorption of soil colloid, aggregate, iron/manganese oxides, organic matters and phosphate, the rise of soil pH and reduction of Eh, the obstruction of oxide plaque on root surface, the coprecipitation of sulfide, the reduction of reducing bacteria, and the chelation of root exudates could lead to reduce Cd activity. On the other hand, the coordination of anions, the dissolution of iron/manganese oxides and carbonates, the adsorption of oxide plaque, the chelation of DOM, and activation of root exudates could increase Cd activity. These changes make the movement and transformation of Cd more complex, which may increase di