句子的分类和简单句的结构.docVIP

句子的定义 句子是包含主语和谓语部分的一组词。它有一定的语法结构和语调，用以表达一个比较完整的意思或概念。 句子第一个单词的首字母大写。句子末尾要有句号、问号或者感叹号。 句子的分类 句子按其用途可以分为四类。 陈述句，用来陈述事实。例如： The movie is very interesting. Lily is my best friend. She has long hair and beautiful face. 疑问句，用来提出问题。 When do you get up every day? Could you give me some water? 祈使句，用来表达命令、请求等。 Let’s go to the supermarket tonight. Go to the bed now. 感叹句，用来表达各种强烈的情感。 This song is great! Thank God! 句子按其结构可分为四种型式。 简单句，由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分（有且只有一个）组成。例如： My mother is a teacher. Lily will go hiking with her brother tomorrow. 并列句，由两个或两个以上简单句并列组成，由连词（conj.）连接。例如： I like music, but my sister likes drawing. Mrs. Wang is my English teacher, and I like her. 复合句， 由一个主句和若干个从句组成。 My father told me that [I should work harder in order to get into a good school]. 并列复合句，即含有复合句的并列句。 I asked a man [who has a wife and three children] that [who did the cooking in his house] and he replied that he did. 句子的成分 句子由各个部分构成，每个部分在句子中的作用不同，称为句子成分。 主语 主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所要说明的主体。它一般位于句首。可做主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。 The girl has long hair. （名词作主语） This is a pen. （代词作主语） Three plus two is five. （数词作主语） Smoking is bad for you. （动名词作主语） From Hangzhou to Shanghai is not very far. （介词短语作主语） Because Lily wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to. 不能说因为莉莉要走因而我们也得走。（从句作主语） “How do you do?” is a greeting. “你好！”是一句问候语。（句子作主语） 谓语 谓语的位置一般位于主语之后。谓语由简单动词、短语动词、动词短语（助动词或情态动词+简单动词的变形）构成。 I have a sister. （简单动词作谓语） He works hard. （简单动词作谓语） He gets up at 7 o’clock every day. （短语动词作谓语） Lily fell into sleep quickly. （短语动词作谓语） We are beaten by their team. （动词短语作谓语） They will go to the supermarket tonight. （动词短语作谓语） He is reading. （动词短语作谓语） He can speak English well. （动词短语作谓语） 表语 表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，它也可以说是一种主语补足语。它位于连系动词 之后，与之构成所谓的“系表结构”。可以做表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动名词、介词短语、从句等。 He became king when he was 17 years old. （名词作表语，连系动词是 ） Lucy will make a good teacher. （名词作表语，连系动词是 ） You are beautiful. （形容词作表语，连系动词是 ） My father is busy. （形容词作表语，连系动词是 ） I am seventeen. （数词作表语，连系动词是 ） The class is over. （副词作表语，连系动词是 ） I