新高一知识衔接–简单句基础知识.docVIP

费县实验中学 朱宗彩 句法-----简单句 Part1: 预备知识句子成分：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语Subject :表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，也就是动作的发出者，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。Eg: 1) A horse runs much faster than a cow. 2) Trees usually turn green in spring. 谓语Predicate :谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。主要动词：连系动词不及物动词 laugh / smile / look / listen 及物动词 see / hear / drank / eat 辅助动词：助动词do / does / did 情态动词... Eg: 1）They laughed loudly 2）宾语Object :表示动作、行为的对象。也就是动作的接受者。 E1）I saw him last week.2 ）We heard the bad news yesterday.3）Don’t look down upon the disabled. 表语表语是谓语的一部分，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态，它位于系动词之后 E1）He is a boy. 2）They are students. ）He looks / seems ill. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）Eg: 1) His father named him Jack. 2) We found it interesting to picnic there. (如果宾语部分太长可用it作形式宾语) 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 EGuilin is a beautiful city. 2) He is reading an article about how to learn English. 同位语：Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday. I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 状语：修饰称为语Eg: 1) He can speak English fluently. 2) Unfortunately, he failed in the exam. Practice makes perfect 试判断这些句子的成分 1. She is a very good girl . 2. The girl is very good. (__) (__) (___) (__) (__) (___) 3. They laughed. 4. The kites fly in the sky. (__) (__) (__) (__) (__) 5. I bought a new bike. 6. He made me happy. (__) (__) (__) (__) (__) (__) (__) 7. To swim in the river is a great pleasure 8. His job is to teach English. (__) (__) 9. I enjoy listening to popular music. 10. The man who is working there is