进化_退化_人类体质的演变及其成因分析_体质人类学视角.pdfVIP

:1000-677X (2011)06-0087-11 2011 (31 )6 C HINA S PO RT SCIEN CE V ol.31, No.6, 87-, 2011. 进化 ·退化:人类体质的演变及其成因分析 ——— 体质人类学视角 Evolution and Degeneration:The Evolvement of Human Physique and Its Cause Analysis —From the Perspective of Physical Anthropology QIA O Yu-cheng 　:从体质人类学视角考察人类不同期体质的特征, 探寻古今人类体质特征演变的原因 和规律。 结果显示:人类体质演变 一个极其复杂漫长的过程, 会受到许多因素的影响, 归 纳起来包括:遗传变异 前提, 自然选择 动力, 环境适应 基础, 直立行走 关键, 用进废 退 机制, 劳动、食物、工具改进 “ 推进器”, 体力活动 重要的制约因素。 人类体质演变 规律有:整体演变的渐进性、各部位演变的非同步性、演变动力的差异性、进化退化的并行 性、演变速度的加速性。 :人类;体质;演变规律;成因;体质人类学 Abstract:F o m the pe spectiv e of phy sical a nth o po lo gy, this pape su vey ed phy sical cha acte - istics of human f o m diffe ent pe io ds, examined the easons and law s of human physical cha - acte istics ev olvement.T he esult showed that the ev olv ement of human phy sique is an ex- t emely com plicated lengthy p ocess, it is affected by many facto s, including tha t genetic va ia- tion is the p e equisite, natu al se lectio n is the d iv ing fo ce, env i onme ntal adapta tion is the basis, up ig ht w alking is the key, law of use and disuse is the mechanism, labo , foo d, too ls a e the p o pelle s , and phy sical activity is an impo tant const aint .Ev olvement law of the human phy sique includes:the g adualne ss of o ve all evolvement, the no n-sy nch o nism of diffe ent pa ts ev olvement, the diffe entiatio n in ev olvement dy namics, the pa allelism of ev