A Working Memory Deficit among Dyslexic Readers with No Phonological Impairment as Measured Using the N-Back Task An fNIR Study 英文参考文献.docVIP
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A Working Memory Deficit among Dyslexic Readers with No Phonological Impairment as Measured Using the N-Back Task An fNIR Study 英文参考文献
AWorking Memory Deficit among Dyslexic Readers
with NoPhonological Impairment as Measured Using
the N-Back Task: AnfNIR Study
ItamarSela1,2*,MeltemIzzetoglu1,KurtulusIzzetoglu1,BanuOnaral1
1School of Biomedical Engineering, Science Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2The Edmond J. Safra Brain
ResearchCenterfortheStudyofLearningDisabilities,UniversityofHaifa,Haifa,Israel
Abstract
Data indicated that dyslexic individuals exhibited difficulties on tasks involving Working Memory (WM). Previous studies
havesuggestedthatthesedeficitsstemfromimpairedprocessinginthePhonologicalLoop(PL).ThePLimpairmentwas
connected to poor phonological processing. However, recent data has pointed to the Central Executive (CE) system as
anothersourceofWMdeficitindyslexicreaders.ThisopenedadebatewhethertheWMdeficitstemssolelyfromPLorcan
alsobeseenasanoutcomeofpoorCEprocessing.Inanattempttoverifythisquestion,thecurrentstudycomparedadult
skilledandcompensateddyslexicreaderswithnoimpairmentofphonologicalskills.Theparticipants’PLandCEprocessing
weretestedbyusingthefNIRdeviceattachedtothefrontallobeandmeasuredthechangesinbrainoxygenvalueswhen
performingN-backtask.Asitwaspreviouslysuggested,theN=0representedPLandN=1to3representCEprocessing.It
was hypothesized that dyslexic readers who show non-impaired phonological skills will exhibit deficits mainly in the CE
subsystem and to a lesser extent in the PL. Results indicated that the two reading level groups did not differ in their
accuracyandreactiontimesinanyoftheN-Backconditions.However,thedyslexicreadersdemonstratedsignificantlower
maximum oxyHb values in the upper left frontal lobe, mainly caused due to a significant lower activity under the N=1
condition. Significant task effects were found in the medial left hemisphere, and the high medial right hemisphere. In
addition, significant correlations between fNIR-features, reading performance and speed of processing were found. The
higheroxyHbval
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