Acute Stress Alters Auditory Selective Attention in Humans Independent of HPA A Study of Evoked Potentials 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Acute Stress Alters Auditory Selective Attention in Humans Independent of HPA A Study of Evoked Potentials 英文参考文献.doc

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Acute Stress Alters Auditory Selective Attention in Humans Independent of HPA A Study of Evoked Potentials 英文参考文献

AcuteStressAltersAuditorySelectiveAttentionin HumansIndependentofHPA:AStudyofEvoked Potentials LudgerElling1*,ChristianSteinberg1,Ann-KathrinBro¨ckelmann1,ChristanDobel1,JensBo¨lte2 ,Markus Junghofer1 1InstituteforBiomagnetismandBiosignalanalysis,UniversityHospitalMunster,Munster,Germany,2InstituteforPsychology,UniversityofMunster,Munster,Germany Abstract Background:Acutestressisastereotypical,butmultimodalresponsetoapresentorimminentchallengeoverchargingan organism.Amongthedifferentbranchesofthismultimodalresponse,theconsequencesofglucocorticoidsecretionhave been extensively investigated, mostly in connection with long-term memory (LTM). However, stress responses comprise otherendocrinesignalingandalteredneuronalactivitywhollyindependentofpituitaryregulation.Todate,knowledgeof theimpactofsuch‘‘paracorticoidal’’stressresponsesonhighercognitivefunctionsisscarce. Weinvestigatedtheimpact of an ecological stressor on the ability to direct selective attention using event-related potentials in humans. Based on research in rodents, we assumed that a stress-induced imbalance of catecholaminergic transmission would impair this ability. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Thestressorconsistedofasinglecoldpressortest.Auditorynegativedifference(Nd)and mismatch negativity (MMN) were recorded in a tonal dichotic listening task. A time series of such tasks confirmed an increaseddistractibilityoccuring4–7minutesafteronsetofthestressorasreflectedbyanattenuatedNd.Salivarycortisol begantorise8–11minutesafteronsetwhennofurthermodulationsintheevent-relatedpotentials(ERP)occurred,thus precludingacausalrelationship. Thiseffectmaybeattributedtoastress-inducedactivationofmesofrontaldopaminergic projections.Itmayalsobeattributedtoanactivationofnoradrenergicprojections.Knowncharacteristicsofthemodulation of ERP by different stress-related ligands were used for further disambiguation of causality. The conjuncture of an attenuatedNdandanincreasedMMNmightbeinterpretedasindicatingadopaminergi