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Adaptation of Group A Streptococcus to Human Amniotic Fluid 英文参考文献
AdaptationofGroupAStreptococcustoHuman
AmnioticFluid
IzabelaSitkiewicz1,2¤,NicoleM.Green1,2,NinaGuo1,2,AnnM.Bongiovanni3,StevenS.Witkin3,JamesM.
Musser1,2,3
*
1Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America,
2DepartmentofPathology,TheMethodistHospital,Houston,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3WeillMedicalCollegeofCornellUniversity,NewYork,NewYork,United
StatesofAmerica
Abstract
Background:Formorethan100years,groupAStreptococcushasbeenidentifiedasacauseofsevereand,inmanycases,
fatalinfectionsofthefemaleurogenitaltract.Duetoadvancesinhospitalhygieneandtheadventofantibiotics,thistypeof
infectionhasbeenvirtuallyeradicated.However,withinthelastthreedecadestherehasbeenanincreaseinsevereintra-
andpost-partuminfectionsattributedtoGAS.
Methodology:WehypothesizedthatGASaltersitstranscriptometosurviveinhumanamnioticfluid(AF)andcausedisease.
ToidentifygenesthatwereupordownregulatedinresponsetogrowthinAF,GASwasgrowninhumanAForstandard
laboratory media (THY) and samples for expression microarray analysis were collected during mid-logarithmic, late-
logarithmic, and stationary growth phases. Microarray analysis was performed using a custom Affymetrix chip and
normalizedhybridizationvaluesderivedfromthreebiologicalreplicateswerecollectedateachgrowthpoint.RatiosofAF/
THYabovea2-foldchangeandP-value,0.05wereconsideredsignificant.
PrincipalFindings:ThemajorityofchangesintheGAStranscriptomeinvolveddownregulationofmultipleadhesinsand
virulencefactorsandactivationofthestressresponse.Weobservedsignificantchangesingenesinvolvedinthearginine
deiminasepathwayandinthenucleotidedenovosynthesispathway.
Conclusions/Significance:Ourworkprovidesnewinsightintohowpathogenicbacteriarespondtotheirenvironmentto
establishinfectionandcausedisease.
Citation:SitkiewiczI,GreenNM,GuoN,BongiovanniAM,WitkinSS,etal.(2010)AdaptationofGroupAStreptococcustoHumanAmnioticFluid.PLoSONE5(3):
e9785.doi:10.1371/j
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