Adaptation of the Spore Discharge Mechanism in the Basidiomycota 英文参考文献.docVIP

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2017-05-11 发布于上海
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Adaptation of the Spore Discharge Mechanism in the Basidiomycota 英文参考文献.doc

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Adaptation of the Spore Discharge Mechanism in the Basidiomycota 英文参考文献

AdaptationoftheSporeDischargeMechanisminthe Basidiomycota JessicaL.Stolze-Rybczynski1,YunluanCui1,M.HenryH.Stevens1,DianaJ.Davis1,2,MarkW.F.Fischer2, NicholasP.Money1* 1Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America, 2Department of Chemistry and Physical Science, College of Mount St. Joseph, Cincinnati,Ohio,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Spore discharge in the majority of the30,000 described species ofBasidiomycota is powered by therapid motionofafluiddroplet,calledBuller’sdrop,overthesporesurface.Inbasidiomyceteyeasts,andphytopathogenicrusts andsmuts,sporesaredischargeddirectlyintotheairflowaroundthefungalcolony.Maximumdischargedistancesof1– 2mmhavebeenreportedforthesefungi.Inmushroom-formingspecies,however,sporesarepropelledovermuchshorter ranges.Ingilledmushrooms,forexample,dischargedistancesof,0.1mmensurethatsporesdonotcollidewithopposing gillsurfaces.Thewayinwhichtherangeofthemechanismiscontrolledhasnotbeenstudiedpreviously. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, we report high-speed video analysis of spore discharge in selected basidiomycetes ranging from yeasts to wood-decay fungi with poroid fruiting bodies. Analysis of these video data and mathematicalmodelingshowthatdischargedistanceisdeterminedbybothsporesizeandthesizeoftheBuller’sdrop. Furthermore, because the size of Buller’s drop is controlled by spore shape, these experiments suggest that seemingly minorchangesinsporemorphologyexertmajoreffectsupondischargedistance. Conclusions/Significance: This biomechanical analysis of spore discharge mechanisms in mushroom-forming fungi and theirrelativesisthefirstofitskindandprovidesanovelviewoftheincrediblevarietyofsporemorphologythathasbeen catalogued by traditional taxonomists for more than 200 years. Rather than representing non-selected variations in micromorphology,thenewexperimentsshowthatchangesinsporearchitecturehaveadaptivesignificancebecausethey control the distance that the spores are shot through ai