Quercetin A Treatment for Hypertension—A Review of Efficacy and Mechanisms 英文参考文献.docVIP

Pharmaceuticals 2010, 3, 237-250; doi:10.3390/ph3010237 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 /journal/pharmaceuticals Review Quercetin: A Treatment for Hypertension?—A Review of Efficacy and Mechanisms Abigail J. Larson 1, J. David Symons 1, and Thunder Jalili 2,* 1 Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, HPER North, 250 South 1850 East, SLC UT, 84112, USA; E-Mails: ab.larson@ (A.J.L.); J.David.Symons@ (J.D.S.) 2 Department of Nutrition, University of Utah, HPER North, 250 South 1850 East, SLC UT 84112, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: thunder.jalili@; Tel.: +1-801-649-8752; Fax: +1-801-585-3874. Received: 8 December 2009; in revised form: 12 January 2010 / Accepted: 14 January 2010 / Published: 19 January 2010 Abstract: Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid. Common sources in the diet are apples, onions, berries, and red wine. Epidemiological studies have found an inverse relationship between dietary quercetin intake and cardiovascular disease. This has led to in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research to determine the mechanism by which quercetin exerts cardio- protective effects. Recent studies have found a reduction in blood pressure when hypertensive (140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic) animals and humans are supplemented with quercetin. Proposed mechanisms for the antihypertensive effect of quercetin include decreased oxidative stress, inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity, improved endothelial function, direct action on the vascular smooth muscle, and/or modulation in cell signaling and gene expression. Although in vitro and in vivo evidence exists to support and refute each possibility, it is likely that quercetin influences multiple targets via a combination of known and as yet undiscovered mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to examine the mechanisms whereby quercetin