Rabies, Still Neglected after 125 Years of Vaccination 英文参考文献.docVIP

Editorial Rabies,StillNeglectedafter125YearsofVaccination Herve′ Bourhy1,AliceDautry-Varsat1,PeterJ.Hotez2,3,Je′ro?meSalomon1* 1InstitutPasteur,Paris,France,2SabinVaccineInstitute,Washington,D.C.,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3DepartmentofMicrobiology,Immunology,andTropicalMedicine, GeorgeWashingtonUniversity,Washington,D.C.,UnitedStatesofAmerica Rabies is a viral zoonotic infection of the central nervous system caused by a lyssavirus. The disease is fatal without proper post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). In July 1885, Louis Pasteur obtained his first success against rabies by vaccinating Joseph Meister, a 9-year-old boy present- ing with multiple deep bite wounds [1]. After more than 700 successful inocula- tions, Pasteur launched an international subscription and opened the world’s first researchinstitutededicatedtothepreven- tionofrabiesandotherinfectiousdiseases. The Institut Pasteur was born. Due to systems; under-reporting of cases by local communities and central authorities; un- tioncoverageneededinanygivensetting), lackofin-countryexpertiseonimplemen- tation of canine rabies control strategies, andsustainabilityissuesimpairthesuccess ofsuchprograms. reliable diagnosis of cases, which is generally based on clinical criteria rather than laboratory confirmation; and inade- quate legislation for compulsory notifica- tionofcases.Theabsenceofaccuratedata on disease burden, upon which regional and national priorities for research and controlarebased,leadstoaviciouscycle ofindifferenceandneglect[5]. Additionally, in most developing coun- tries(withsomenotableexceptions),there is alackofawareness among thepopula- tion, including medical practitioners and health authorities, about the widespread extent of the disease and the risk of transmissionfromdogstohumanpopula- tions [6–8]. Additionally, the infrastruc- ture for the management of rabies expo- sure is scarce. Many people who are exposed to rabies do not seek PEP, because they are not aware of the risk of contract