Rac and Rho driving tumor invasion whos at the wheel 英文参考文献.docVIP

Minireview Rac and Rho driving tumor invasion: who’s at the wheel? Marc Symons* and Jeffrey E Segall? Addresses: *Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research at North Shore-LIJ, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA. ?Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. Correspondence: Marc Symons. Email: msymons@; Jeffrey E Segall. Email: segall@ Published: 6 March 2009 Genome Biology 2009, 10:213 (doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-3-213) The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at /2009/10/3/213 ? 2009 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract Genome-wide analysis of regulators of Rho-family small GTPases has identified critical elements that control the morphology and invasive behavior of melanoma cells. It is important to identify the mechanisms by which tumor cells invade surrounding tissues, in hopes of being able to develop therapies that will improve patient survival. The degradation of the basement membrane and/or degradation of other extracellular matrix protein barriers that may be present in the neighboring connective tissue has been thought to be necessary for tumor cells to invade. Drugs to inhibit an important class of extracellular proteases, the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), were therefore developed, but a major setback was the limited success of these drugs in prolonging patient survival. and pull the cell forwards, whereas amoeboid cells tend to produce blebbing protrusions and use cortical contraction to squeeze the cell through spaces in the extracellular matrix [7] (Figure 1). In the same year, Sahai and Marshall [8] extended these results to other tumor types, including melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and began the dissection of the signaling pathways that regulate t