Racial Group Membership Is Associated to Gaze-Mediated Orienting in Italy 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Racial Group Membership Is Associated to Gaze-Mediated Orienting in Italy 英文参考文献.doc

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Racial Group Membership Is Associated to Gaze-Mediated Orienting in Italy 英文参考文献

RacialGroupMembershipIsAssociatedto Gaze-MediatedOrientinginItaly GiuliaPavan,MarioDalmaso,GiovanniGalfano*,LuigiCastelli DipartimentodiPsicologiadelloSviluppoedellaSocializzazione,Universita` diPadova,Padova,Italy Abstract Viewing a face with averted gaze results in a spatial shift of attention in the corresponding direction, a phenomenon definedasgaze-mediatedorienting.Inthepresentpaper,weinvestigatedwhetherthiseffectisinfluencedbysocialfactors. Across three experiments, White and Black participants were presented with faces of White and Black individuals. A modifiedspatialcueingparadigmwasusedinwhichaperipheraltargetstimulusrequiringadiscriminationresponsewas preceded by anoninformativegaze cue.Results showedthat Black participants shifted attention totheaverted gaze of bothingroupandoutgroupfaces,whereasWhiteparticipantsselectivelyshiftedattentiononlyinresponsetoindividualsof their same group. Interestingly, the modulatory effect of social factors was context-dependent and emerged only when groupmembershipwassituationallysalienttoparticipants.Itwashypothesizedthatdifferencesintherelativesocialstatus ofthetwogroupsmightaccountfortheobservedasymmetrybetweenWhiteandBlackparticipants.Afinalexperiment ruled out an alternative explanation based on differences in perceptual familiarity with the face stimuli. Overall, these findingsstrengthentheideathatgaze-mediatedorientingisasocially-connotedphenomenon. Citation:PavanG,DalmasoM,GalfanoG,CastelliL(2011)RacialGroupMembershipIsAssociatedtoGaze-MediatedOrientinginItaly.PLoSONE6(10):e25608. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025608 Editor:AngelaSirigu,FrenchNationalCentreforScientificResearch,France ReceivedMarch4,2011;AcceptedSeptember8,2011;PublishedOctober4,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Pavan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:There