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Rapid Recovery of Damaged Ecosystems 英文参考文献.doc

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Rapid Recovery of Damaged Ecosystems 英文参考文献

RapidRecoveryofDamagedEcosystems HollyP.Jones*,OswaldJ.Schmitz SchoolofForestryandEnvironmentalStudies,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,Connecticut,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Recentreportsonthestateoftheglobalenvironment provideevidencethathumankindis inflictinggreat damage to the very ecosystems that support human livelihoods. The reports further predict that ecosystems will take centuriestorecoverfromdamagesiftheyrecoveratall.Accordingly,thereisdespairthatwearepassingonalegacyof irreparabledamagetofuturegenerationswhichisentirelyinconsistentwithprinciplesofsustainability. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Wetestedthepredictionofirreparableharmusingasynthesisofrecoverytimescompiled from240independentstudiesreportedinthescientificliterature.Weprovidestartlingevidencethatmostecosystemsglobally can,givenhumanwill,recoverfromverymajorperturbationsontimescalesofdecadestohalf-centuries. Significance/Conclusions: Accordingly, we find much hope that humankind can transition to more sustainable use of ecosystems. Citation:JonesHP,SchmitzOJ(2009)RapidRecoveryofDamagedEcosystems.PLoSONE4(5):e5653.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005653 Editor:GeoffreyClaytonTrussell,NortheasternUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedJanuary5,2009;AcceptedApril21,2009;PublishedMay27,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Jones, Schmitz. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:HPJreceivedfundingfromtheLeopoldScheppFoundationandOJSreceivedfundingfromYaleSchoolofForestryandEnvironmentalStudies.The fundershadnoroleinstudydesign,datacollectionandanalysis,decisiontopublish,orpreparationofthemanuscript. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:holly.jones@ Introduction tal)recoveryfollowingthecessationofaperturbation(TableS1).We conductedasearchoftheprimaryliteratureusingWebofScience fo