Rates of Water Loss and Uptake in Recalcitrant Fruits of Quercus Species Are Determined by Pericarp Anatomy 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Rates of Water Loss and Uptake in Recalcitrant Fruits of Quercus Species Are Determined by Pericarp Anatomy 英文参考文献.doc

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Rates of Water Loss and Uptake in Recalcitrant Fruits of Quercus Species Are Determined by Pericarp Anatomy 英文参考文献

RatesofWaterLossandUptakeinRecalcitrantFruitsof QuercusSpeciesAreDeterminedbyPericarpAnatomy KeXia1,2,MatthewI.Daws3,4,WolfgangStuppy4,Zhe-KunZhou1,5*,HughW.Pritchard2,4 * 1Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China, 2Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China, 3Alcoa of Australia Ltd, Pinjarra, Western Australia, Australia, 4Seed Conservation Department,RoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,UnitedKingdom,5XishuangbannaTropicalBotanicalGarden,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Mengla,Yunnan,China Abstract Desiccation-sensitiverecalcitrantseedsandfruitsarekilledbythelossofevenmoderatequantitiesofwater.Consequently, minimizing the rate of water loss may be animportant ecological factor andevolutionary driver by reducing the risk of mortalityduringpost-dispersaldry-spells.ForrecalcitrantfruitsofarangeofQuercusspecies,prolongeddryingtimeshave beenobservedpreviously.However,theunderlyingmechanism(s)forthisvariationisunknown.UsingnineQuercusspecies we investigated the major route(s) of water flow into and out of the fruits and analysed the relative importance of the differentpericarpcomponentsandtheiranatomyonwateruptake/loss.Duringimbibition(rehydration),thesurfaceareaof thecupulescarandthefrequencyandareaofthevascularbundlescontainedthereinweresignificantlycorrelatedwiththe ratesofwateruptakeacrossthescar.Thevascularbundlesservingtheapexofthefruitwereaminorcontributortooverall water.Further,therateofwateruptakeacrosstheremainderofthepericarpsurfacewassignificantlycorrelatedwiththe thicknessofthevascularisedinnerlayerinthepericarp.FruitsofQ.franchetiiandQ.schottkyanadriedmostslowlyandhad acomparativelysmallscarsurfaceareawithfewvascularbundlesperunitarea.Thesespeciesinhabitdrierregionsthanthe otherspeciesstudied,suggestingtheseanatomicalfeaturesmayhaveecologicalvaluebyreducingtheriskofdesiccation stress.However,thisremainstobetestedinthefield. Citation:X