Risk assessment of PM2.5 to child residents in Brazilian Amazon region with biofuel production 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Risk assessment of PM2.5 to child residents in Brazilian Amazon region with biofuel production 英文参考文献.doc

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Risk assessment of PM2.5 to child residents in Brazilian Amazon region with biofuel production 英文参考文献

deOliveiraetal.EnvironmentalHealth2012,11:64 /content/11/1/64 RESEARCH OpenAccess RiskassessmentofPM2.5tochildresidentsin BrazilianAmazonregionwithbiofuelproduction BeatrizFátimaAlvesdeOliveira1*,ElianeIgnotti2,3,PauloArtaxo4,PauloHiláriodoNascimentoSaldiva5?, WashingtonLeiteJunger6?andSandraHacon1? Abstract Background:Exposuretofinefractionsofparticulatematter(PM2.5)isassociatedwithincreasedhospital admissionsandmortalityforrespiratoryandcardiovasculardiseaseinchildrenandtheelderly.Thisstudyaimsto estimatethetoxicologicalriskofPM2.5frombiomassburninginchildrenandadolescentsbetweentheageof6 and14inTangarádaSerra,amunicipalityofSubequatorialBrazilianAmazon. Methods:Riskassessmentmethodologywasappliedtoestimatetheriskquotientintwoscenariosofexposure accordingtolocalseasonality.ThepotentialdoseofPM2.5wasestimatedusingtheMonteCarlosimulation, stratifyingthepopulationbyage,gender,asthmaandBodyMassIndex(BMI). Results:Maleasthmaticchildrenundertheageof8atnormalbodyratehadthehighestriskquotientamongthe subgroups.ThegeneralpotentialaveragedoseofPM2.5was1.95μg/kg.day(95%CI:1.62–2.27)duringthedry scenarioand0.32μg/kg.day(95%CI:0.29–0.34)intherainyscenario.Duringthedryseason,childrenand adolescentsshowedatoxicologicalrisktoPM2.5of2.07μg/kg.day(95%CI:1.85–2.30). Conclusions:ChildrenandadolescentslivingintheSubequatorialBrazilianAmazonregionwereexposedtohigh levelsofPM2.5resultingintoxicologicalriskforthismulti-pollutant.Thetoxicologicalriskquotientsofchildrenin thisregionwerecomparableorhighertochildrenlivinginmetropolitanregionswithPM2.5airpollutionabovethe recommendedlimitstohumanhealth. Keywords:Particulatematter,Biomassburning,Riskassessment,Healtheffects,Children,AdolescentsandBrazilian Amazon Background Global estimates of ambient pollution levels have re- Airpollutionisoneoftheseveralenvironmentalfactors liedheavilyuponeithereconometricortransportmodels that is having a serious impact on human health and mostlyduetothelackofground-levelmeasurementsof quality of li