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英语和汉语的性别歧视Sexism as Reflected in the Chinese and English Languages
英语和汉语的性别歧视
Sexism as Reflected in the Chinese and English Languages
Abstract
Language is the most important tool for human communication and thinking, and it reflects the thoughts, the attitudes, and the cultures of the people who make it and use it. Nevertheless, language, as a tool for communication, is limited in space and disappears in a flash in time.
Sexism in language has for a long time remained a heated topic among linguists, especially sociolinguists. As a system of beliefs and practices that affirm the dominance of men over women on the basis of sex, sexism is an international phenomenon which occurs in almost all languages. In English and Chinese, Sexism affects word formation. In the word order, male words always occur first when listed with female words. There are similarities and differences of sexism in English and Chinese. Similarities of sexist phenomena in English and Chinese reflect in word order, address of women. In Chinese, sexism in word meaning is stronger than in English.
Key words: sexism; English; Chinese
内 容 摘 要
语言是人类交际和思维的最重要的工具,它反映了语言创造者和使用者的思想、态度和文化。然而，语言作为一种交际工具，在空间上是受限制的，在时间上是瞬间即逝的语言学家尤其是社会语言学家把语言的性别差异和性别歧视现象作为热点讨论的话题。性别歧视，是以性别为基础而产生的一种歧视现象。它是指一个性别成员对另一个性别成员的歧视，既包括对女性的歧视，也包括对男性的歧视。但是，更为经常地指对女性的歧视在英语和汉语中，性别歧视影响着英、汉语的词的构成，在词序中，男性词位于女性词之前，英语和汉语中的性别歧视有着相似点和不同点，英、汉语中性别歧视的现象的相似处主要体现在词序，对女性的称呼上。而汉语中的性别歧视在词语中比英语更强烈。
：性别歧视；英语；汉语
Contents
Introduction 1
1. Sexism in English 3
1.1 Sexism in word formation 3
1.2 Sexism in word order 4
1.3 Derogatory Names for Women 5
1.4 Sexism in proverbs, idioms, dicta, and riddle 10
2. Sexism in Chinese 10
2.1 Sexism in word formation 11
2.2 Sexism in word order 12
2.3 Diminished Names for Women 12
2.4 Sexism in proverbs 15
2.5 Sexism in riddles 16
2.6 Sexism in pronouns 16
3. Similarities and Differences of Sexism in English and Chinese 17
3.1 Similarities of Sexist Phenomena in English and Chinese 17
3.1.1 Word order 18
3.1.2 Women’s nicknames 19
3.1.3 Negative connotations behind women’s names 20
3.1
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