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Culture during the Renaissance (14th—mid 17th century) The Birthplace of Renaissance Definition and significance of Renaissance Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. The word Renaissance is a French word meaning new birth, a name given to the movement in Europe that inspired men to abandon the restraints of the Middle Ages and to develop modern interests, enthusiasm and ideals. Its most noted feature was the Revival of Learning, an awakening of mind and a thirst after the new knowledge. The Renaissance gradually reached all parts of Europe and finally modified all phases阶段 of social life. It developed new arts such as printing, new conceptions of our earth through geographic discoveries, new national policies as in the cultivation of trade by sea, new church life through the Reformation. It brought inspiration, light and joy to those who delighted in art, learning and adventure. Economic and intellectual changes during the Renaissance both helped to speed up Western social and cultural development and hence prepared the necessary conditions for rapid progress in political, social and ideological意识形态的 areas of the modern Age. Renaissance Society The Renaissance was an age rather than an event. Late medieval society was artistically creative, socially well developed, and economically diverse. Yet eventually, the pace of change accelerated. Encompassing包围 the two centuries between 1350 and 1550, it passed through three distinct phases. The first, from 1350 to 1400, was characterized by a declining population, the uncovering of classical texts, and experimentation in a variety of art forms. The second phase, from 1400 to 1500, was distinguished by the creation of a set of cultural values and artistic and literary achievements that defined Renaissance style. The large Italian city-states developed stable and coherent forms of government, and the warfare between them gradually ended. In the final perio