(管理学)商学导论PPT_IB09.pptVIP

9–* Purchasing Materials Selecting a Supplier of Materials -consider price, speed, quality, servicing, credit availability, ability for Internet interaction, etc -avoid depending on a single supplier Obtaining Volume Discounts Delegation Production to Suppliers -outsourcing reduces expenses, must be very careful when selecting the suppliers Deintegration of the production process (e.g. Ford Motor) Electronic payments for Suppliers 9–* Outsourcing Reasons for outsourcing Cost Savings Focus on Core Business Cost Restructuring. Outsourcing offers a move from fixed to variable cost and also makes variable costs more predictable. Criticisms of outsourcing Quality Risks Social Responsibility 9–* Effects of Disintegration Exhibit 9.3 9–* Inventory Control Inventory Control: the process of managing inventory at a level that minimizes costs. It includes the management as the following: -control of materials inventories -control of work-in process inventories -control of finished goods inventories 9–* Control of Materials Inventories Control of Materials Inventories Consider carrying costs and order costs. Carrying costs: costs of maintaining inventories. Order costs: costs involved in placing orders for materials. - Minimize costs by: Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory: a system that attempts to reduce materials inventories to a bare minimum by frequently ordering small amounts of materials. Materials requirements planning (MRP): a process for ensuring that materials are available when needed. Control of Work-in-Process Inventories Firms must manage their work-in-process inventories, which are inventories of partially completed products. The consequence of a shortage in raw materials inventory or work-in-process inventory is an interruption in production, which can cause a shortage of the final product, and therefore results in forgone sales. 9–* Control of Finished Goods Inventories Monitor anticipated supply-demand differential (demand for a firm’s product changes