工程201-1-168_editing.docVIP

净扭矩趋近于小波动形态的游梁变距式抽油机动力学研究 摘要：抽油机减速器曲柄轴净扭矩的波动性是电动机输入功率过高、效率降低的主要原因，从而导致了抽油机的能耗过高。本文提出了一种基于摇块机构的游梁变距式抽油机。该抽油机传动机构在附加平衡载荷条件下，其曲柄轴净扭矩表现出了非常小的波动形态。电动机的效率被提高，电动机的输入功率大大降低，从而使抽油机的能耗大大降低。建立了传动机构的运动学和动力学模型。分析了曲柄轴净扭矩波动性的影响因素。对实际载荷工况下节能效果进行了对比分析了。 关键词：游梁变距；摇块机构；曲柄轴净扭矩；动力学分析；节能 中图分类号：TE933+.1 文献标识码： 文章编号： Dynamics Study of a Novel Beam Moment-Changing Pumping Unit with Small Fluctuations in Net Crankshaft Torque Abstract: The fluctuations of the net crankshaft torque on the pumping unit gearbox have been the main reason of higher motor input power and lower efficiency which resulting in high energy cost of the pumping unit. This paper presented a new model of beam moment-changing pumping unit which is based on beam and rocking-bar linkage. The linkage of this pumping unit shows a smaller fluctuation in net crankshaft torque when working under compound counterweight balancing mode. Thus the motor efficiency is improved and the motor input power is greatly reduced resulting in energy saving of the pumping unit. The kinematics and dynamics models of the pumping unit under the compound counterweight balancing mode were therefore established. Factors influencing the net crankshaft torque fluctuations were analyzed. Analyses contrasting the effects of energy saving were performed under the actual load conditions. Keywords: beam moment-changing; rocking-bar linkage; net crankshaft torque; dynamics analysis; energy saving 引言 全世界有抽油井已超过100多万口。其中，美国和加拿大抽油井的85%，中国抽油井的90%，都使用游梁式抽油系统[1, 2, 3]。游梁式抽油系统的效率相当低，仅有30.05% [3]左右。作为主要的采油设备，游梁式抽油系统同时也是主要的能耗设备。两个主要的原因影响着游梁抽油机的能耗。一是较低的电动机效率导致了游梁抽油机的效率过低；二是在提升相同油液时电动机的输入功率较高[4]。 电动机热损失功是抽油机效率过低和电动机的输入功率较高的主要原因之一。因此，减低电动机的热损耗是提高游梁式抽油系统效率的重要途径[5, 6, 7]。普通电动机适合于拖动均匀载荷，然而，曲柄轴净扭矩确是周期性的交变载荷，扭矩的波动性非常大，不但有很高的“峰值”载荷，而且有很深的“谷值”载荷，甚至有负载荷[7]。这导致了现有电动机存在两个方面的问题。第一，装机功率过高。抽油机正常工作时的平均扭矩仅为“峰值”扭矩的25%[7]。也导致了电动机负荷率低于25%。电动机的功率因数下降很快，电动机的效率被大大降低。第二，电动机的可变损耗是电流和功率波动量的函数。而这种波动量又与曲柄轴净扭矩的波动成正比。曲柄轴净扭矩的波动性由CLF表述。如果净扭矩的波动越大，则电动机的可变损耗就越大，所需电动机的输入功率也就越大。 综上所述