免疫学(国外英文资料).docVIP

免疫学(国外英文资料) The introduction Non-cellular microorganisms such as viruses The prokaryotic cells include the six categories of bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, lichon, spiral, and actinomycetes Eukaryotic microorganisms such as fungi. The immune function mainly manifests in three aspects: 1 immune defense 2 stable (the body remove internal injuries, aging, degeneration or dead cells, to maintain the bodys physiological balance) 3 immune surveillance (the body eliminate mutation of cells in the body, abnormal can lead to the occurrence of tumor) Chapter 1 antigen Lymphocyte T cells: produced in the bone marrow, mature in the thymus. B cells: bone marrow and bone marrow. Antigens have two basic properties: 1. Immunogenicity 2. Immune reactivity. The physical and chemical properties Macromolecular substance: usually more than 10,000, less than 4,000 people are generally not immune. Chemical composition and structure is not macromolecular substances have good immune travel, such as gelatin as high as 100000, the relative molecular mass of the insulin molecular weight is 5700, but the composition containing aromatic amino acid, make its complex structure, have immunogenicity; Protein structures are complex and good antigens; Complex polysaccharides also have immunogenicity. Artificial immune-injected antigen is usually the best in the skin. The structure of antigen specificity is determined by antigens. The epitopes are specific chemical groups that determine antigen specificity in the original molecule, and the epitope. Antigen by determining cluster combined with corresponding lymph cell surface antigen receptor specificity cause immune response, but also rely on its determinant and the corresponding antibody or effect T cells specific binding. Haptens: also known as incomplete antigen, which is immunogenicity, only immune-reactive antigens, such as polysaccharides, lipids, and certain drugs; The haptens are not immune to the immune response, but once they are combined