法国现实主义(英文).ppt

In France Ⅰ Stendhal Ⅱ Honoré de Balzac Ⅲ Gustave Flaubert Ⅳ émile Zola Ⅴ Guy de Maupassant ? Stendhal (1783—1842) He made friends with Prosper Mérimée and published his first two novels, Armance(1827) and Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black)(1830). In the autumn of 1839, he wrote his masterpiece, la Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma), in only seven weeks. On 22 March 1842, he went to a large official reception at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. On the way home he had a stroke and died in the small hours the following day. Only three people including Mérimée, followed the coffin to the cemetery. Stendhal left behind 33 works, of which nineteen were published posthumously. He began his career as a critic, then he went on to write travel notes, autobiography and fiction. In all he used more than 170 pseudonyms, his real name being Marie Henri Beyle. The most famous of his pseudonyms, Stendhal, was a borrowing from the name of a small Prussian town of Stendhal. It was the birthplace of J.J.Winckelmann, a famous German art critic. ? Honoré de Balzac (1799—1850) Balzac has been called “the French Dickens”, as Dickens has been called “the English Balzac”. He grew up under the regime of NapoleonⅠ. And it was partly a desire to be a Napoleon of the pen that fired his ambition. When in 1819 his parents consented to let him try his hand at writing, he shut himself in a dingy attic and went to work with a will. Volumes of thrillers flowed from his pen. Balzac’s opportunities for observing the contemporary scene were increased by constant journeys in France and different parts of Europe. His wild circle of friends and acquaintances brought him into contact with many walks of life. No novelist has filled his pages with men and women drawn from so many different spheres, nor with characters so widely representative of human passions and weaknesses. Balzac is particularly celebrated for his monumental la Comedie Humaine (The Huma