梯度泡沫金属在冲击载荷下的动态压缩行为.pdfVIP

梯度泡沫金属在冲击载荷下的动态压缩行为 * 张健，赵桂平 （西安交通大学 机械结构强度与振动国家重点实验室，西安 710049） 摘要：基于闭孔泡沫铝显微CT扫描信息，建立了梯度泡沫金属材料二维细观有限元模型，考虑了胞孔形状的不规 则及分布的不均匀性，同时考虑了胞孔尺寸和壁厚沿试件高度的梯度分布。定量分析了梯度泡沫金属材料在动态 压缩过程中的变形、弹塑性波的传播和应力从加载端到静止端的传递过程及变化特征。对于平均相对密度 0.3、 平均梯度系数 0.4 的梯度泡沫铝，低速加载时其变形模式和准静态相同，初始变形发生在试件孔壁材料薄弱的相 对密度较低端，逐渐向相对密度较高端坍塌，加载方向不会改变梯度泡沫铝的变形模式；高速加载时试件发生动 态变形模式，首先在加载端出现塑性坍塌，逐步向静止端扩展，其中沿正梯度方向高速压缩时的变形模式恰好与 准静态压缩时一致，而沿负梯度方向高速压缩时则发生不同的变形模式，出现两端同时被压缩的现象，从加载端 传递到静止端的应力会发生跳跃。 关键词:闭孔泡沫铝，动态压缩，吸能材料，细观有限元模型 中图分类号：O347 文献标志码：Ａ HIGH SPEED COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR OF DENSITY-GRADED METALLIC CELLULAR MATERIALS Zhang Jian Zhao Gui-ping （State key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structure, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China) Abstract：A two-dimensional finite element models is created from tomographic images of the closed-cell aluminum foam, which represent the cell shape and geometric distribution of real density-graded foams. To determine the mechanical properties of the cell wall material, the uniaxial stress versus strain curve predicted numerically is fitted to that measured experimentally for homogeneous aluminum foam. The compression deformation mechanism, the shock wave propagation and the strength of the stress on the stationary end of density-graded metallic cellular materials are discussed under high speed compression. As for the density-graded aluminum foams having an average relative density of 0.3 and gradient coefficient of 0.4, the impact direction do not change deformation mode a