初中与英语语法总结(从句).docVIP

初中英语语法总结（从句） 从句分为定语从句，状语从句和名词从句三大类。定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性从句两种，由关系代词或关系副词引导，修饰主句的某个成分。状语从句分为时间、结果、让步、原因、条件及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及there be句型。1．定语从句限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在从句中作主语或宾语。that作宾语时常可省略，which则不能，而且其后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不能省略。which作宾语时，先行词与which之间的介词不能省。例如：1.The first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830．2.The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part，during which he sailed round the Cape Horn．代表a11，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。例如：1.I care anything that has something to do with it． 2.Youd better do something he prefers to do to please him． 3.That is the last time we met each other．4.I came across the woman you told me about yesterday．who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句的主语和宾语。where是关系副词，用于表示地点的定语从句，而when用来表示时间。whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语。例如:1.Henry Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of mass production．2.The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg．3.The next morning， when she came down to breakfast ， Mary was beaming with the pleasure of a new，great discovery．4.The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department．在下列情况，限定性定语从句的关系代词可以省略：1)当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语；或它们在从句中作介词的宾语，而该介词又在句末时；2)当先行词是that，all，only，everything，something，nothing等代词时，或先行词前有一个最高级形容词修饰时；3)当先行词前有only，any，all，first，no，last等修饰时，或先行词就是time，moment，way(anyway)，direction，distance等名词时，关系代词即可省略。例如：1.The delegation we had been waiting for finally arrived．2.I met the woman you told me about．3.She gave me all she could afford．4.With TV we can see things happen almost at the exact moment they are happening．非限定性定语从句，其作用为：对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明，它与主句用逗号隔开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作关系代词。例如:1.The telephone，as we know，was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell．2.The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home President 3.Franklin D．Roosevelt，who died there on April 12，1945．4.Living in a damp house for a long t