经贸与高级翻译与写作第七课 课文翻译.pptVIP

Improvements in economic and social indicators after 1960 have been quite limited, and countries with small governments generally have not fared worse than those with big governments. Real economic growth declined somewhat between 1960 and 1990. Average growth for the preceding 5-year period, however, was higher in countries with small governments in both periods. ;The unemployment rate, the share of the shadow economy, and the number of registered patents suggest that small governments exhibit more regulatory efficiency and have less of an inhibiting effect on the functioning of labor markets, participation in the formal economy, and the innovativeness of the private sector;Social indicators such as income distribution, literacy, secondary school enrollment, life expectancy, and infant mortality improved modestly between 1960 and 1990 in all three country groups. By 1990, differences between country groups were small. Only certain social cohesion indicators, such as the number of prisoners or divorce rates, were less favorable for countries with small governments, mostly on account of unfavorable data for the United States, and income distribution was somewhat more equal in countries with big government than in countries with small government; The evidence available, while limited, suggests that small governments did not produce less desirable social indicators than big governments. Furthermore, they have had better economic and regulatory efficiency indicators. ; Reforming Government政府改革;A convenient benchmark to assess the scope for reducing the current size of government is the level of public spending in 1960. Taking 1960 as the benchmark, over the long run, total public expenditure could be reduced to, perhaps, less than 30 percent of GDP without sacrificing much in terms of social or economic objectives