不同目标定向对锻炼自我效能的影响.pdfVIP

5.1 研究结果 ···················································································19 5.1.1 调查对象基本情况 ·················································································20 5.1.2 不同目标定向干预下，锻炼者自我效能的变化趋势········································20 5.1.3 目标定向对锻炼自我效能的影响································································22 5.2.1 相同性别不同目标定向影响下自我效能变化的分析········································24 5.2.1 不同目标定向干预下不同性别组自我效能的变化···········································25 5.3 研究不足 ·······················································································26 5.4 下一步研究方向 ··············································································26 6.结论与建议···················································································26 6.1 结论·····························································································26 6.1 建议 ·····························································································26 参考文献·························································································28 致 谢····························································································30 附录·······························································································31 摘要 20 世纪80 年代开始，体育运动蓬勃发展，但是在最近的几次国民体质调查 中国民体质尤其是青少年体质有所下降，为什么在体育运动如此大众化、多元化 的今天，很多人还是不愿意参加到体育运动中来，或者在锻炼了一段时间后选择 退出呢？究其深层原因，是因为运动动机是影响个体参与体育活动的关键因素。 本文在社会认知理论的角度分析出自我效能感是影响运动动机的重要因素，而影 响个体自我效能的关键是目标定向，其中任务定向对自我效能感起到积极的正面 的作用，自我定向则相反。但这些研究大都以问卷调查等横向研究为主，结果都 是显示相关性，显示不出因果关系。并且性别因素是否会对目标定向及自我效能 产生不同的影响，也是未知的。 本文采用了文献资料法、问卷调查法、实验法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法。 其中实验法是以山东体育学院60 名学生为研究对象，其中30 名男生、30 名女 生都为非体育活动者，以性别和不同目标定向为变量为分四组进行实验。目的在 于研究何种目标定向更有利于提高锻炼自我效能，从而提高锻炼动机，促进个体 参与锻炼或增强锻炼的坚持性。本研究结论如下，目标定向会对不同性别锻炼者 在锻炼中的自我效能产生影响，促进锻炼者对锻炼的参与性及坚持性。其中任务 定向会对不同性别锻炼者在锻炼中产生更好的影响，提高其自我效能感。但在男 女性别上差异不显著。建议在锻炼中，运动强度循序渐进，中低强度为宜，以免 影响运动者的自我效能