宁夏、内蒙古境内西夏石窟调查.docVIP

宁夏、内蒙古境内的西夏石窟调查 　　内容摘要：现在的宁夏、内蒙古境内分布着多座石窟，其中与西夏有关的主要是山嘴沟、须弥山、阿尔寨三座石窟群。通过实地调查，结合前辈的研究成果，初步整理了这三座石窟的西夏遗存。笔者认为，山嘴沟石窟是西夏中心区最为重要的石窟遗存，最能代表西夏中心区的石窟艺术，既有与敦煌石窟一脉相承的艺术作品，也有同时期敦煌石窟所不见的十牧牛图等佛教题材；固原作为长期处于西夏和宋金争夺的地区，虽然保存了规模巨大的须弥山石窟群，但仅能找到西夏的游人题记，证明西夏人曾在这一地区活动，找不到西夏时期的作品；鄂托克旗作为西夏河南区辖地，在历史上非常重要，但阿尔寨石窟现存洞窟主要为蒙元时期的作品，也无法确认有西夏的遗迹 关键词：山嘴沟；须弥山；阿尔寨；西夏石窟 中图分类号：K879.29 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2016）05-0042-10 Abstract： There are several clusters of caves in todays Ningxia and Inner Mongolia； namely， the three cave groups of Shanzuigou， Xumishan and Aerzhai. Based on field investigation and previous research results， this paper presents a preliminary study on the Western Xia remains excavated from the aforementioned caves and comes to the following conclusions： The Shanzuigou Grottoes site contains the most important caves from the Western Xia period， including the most exemplary caves in which there are both artworks similar to those found in Dunhuang caves and Buddhist themes hardly seen in contemporary examples from Dunhuang（pictures of herding cows， for example）； In Guyuan， a place for which the Western Xia， Jin， and Song fought for many years， though the large-scale grottoes site of Xumishan is well preserved， there are only inscriptions left by passing visitors that verify the activity of people from the Western Xia in the region， and no Western Xia artworks have been found； The Otog Banner， a place located in ancient Henan that was central to Western Xia control， was very significant historically， but the archaeological evidence that survived in the Aerzhai Grottoes are mainly pieces from the Yuan dynasty and no remains of the Western Xia can be found. Keywords： Shanzuigou； Xumishan； Aerzhai； Western Xia grottoes（Translated by WANG Pingxian） 历史上西夏王朝的辖地包括22个州，河西9州，河南9州，熙、秦河外4州，另分左右厢12监军司，作为军管区，其范围涉及现在的宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古、陕西、青海五省、自治区。在这些地区内，甘肃省保存的西夏石窟最多，敦煌莫高窟和瓜州榆林窟、东千佛洞以及河西、陇中的中小石窟中都保存了相当多的西夏石窟遗址；而宁夏、内蒙古境内西夏石窟的数量与内容一直存在着争议，有待进一步确认。宁夏山嘴沟石窟、须弥山石窟和内蒙古阿尔寨石窟三座大型石窟群，前辈已有相当多的研究成果，为我们鉴别其中的西