牛高中英语津Module1 语法温习教材.docVIP

Moule 1 语法复习 语法Unit 1 Module 1 定语从句(1) 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair。定语从句通常由关系代词that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as或关系副词when/ where/ why引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。请看例句： 1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行词person,在从句中作主 语) 2.Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend，在从句中作宾 语, 所以常用代词who的宾格形式). 3.China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (关系代词that指代weak nation，在从句中作表语) 4.The school whose floor space is very limited can’t take in one more student. (关系代词whose指代the school’s ，从句中作floor space的定语) 5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. (关系副词where指代主句中的地点状语gym 在从句中作状语) 【语法】定语从句(2) 1．定语从句中关系代词that、which 用来指代物，who 、whom和that 用来指代人，whose用来表示所属关系，关系副词when、where和 why指代时间、地点和原因。 2．关系代词的用法　　(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：　　All that I have is my love for this land. There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain.　　(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。例如： The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam. No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.　　(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：　　There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.　　(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似。例如：　　She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother.　　(5) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。　　(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：　　The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.　　(7) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which