软工概论 第20章 软件项目估算.ppt

* 购买决策 系统X 外包 购买 构建 复用 简单 困难 较小的变更 简单 较大的变更 复杂 较小的变更 较大的变更 没有变更 有变更 * 计算预期成本 (路径概率) x (估算的路径成本) i i 例如，对于“构建系统”这条路径而言: 预期成本 = 0.30 ($380K) + 0.70 ($450K) 相似的, 预期成本 = $382K 预期成本 = $267K 预期成本 = $410K（K表示千美元） 构建 复用 购买 外包 预期成本= = $429 K 计算预期成本 预期成本复用=0.4*275+0.6*(0.2*310+0.8*490) 预期成本购买=0.7*210+0.3*400 预期成本外包=0.6*350+0.4*500 * Chapter 26 Estimation for Software Projects * * Software Project Planning The overall goal of project planning is to establish a pragmatic strategy for controlling, tracking, and monitoring a complex technical project. Why? So the end result gets done on time, with quality! * Project Planning Task Set-I Establish project scope Determine feasibility Analyze risks Risk analysis is considered in detail in Chapter 25. Define required resources Determine require human resources Define reusable software resources Identify environmental resources * Project Planning Task Set-II Estimate cost and effort Decompose the problem Develop two or more estimates using size, function points, process tasks or use-cases Reconcile the estimates Develop a project schedule Scheduling is considered in detail in Chapter 27. Establish a meaningful task set Define a task network Use scheduling tools to develop a timeline chart Define schedule tracking mechanisms * Estimation Estimation of resources, cost, and schedule for a software engineering effort requires experience access to good historical information (metrics) the courage to commit to quantitative predictions when qualitative information is all that exists Estimation carries inherent risk and this risk leads to uncertainty * Write it Down! * To Understand Scope ... Understand the customers needs understand the business context understand the project boundaries understand the customer’s motivation understand the likely paths for change understand that ... Even when you understand, nothing is guaranteed! * What is Scope? Software scope describe