第二章指令集与例子.ppt

CHAPTER 2  Instruction Set Principles and Examples指令集设计的一些原则和例子 Computer Architecture A Quantitative Approach Chapter2 指令集系统和一些例子 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Classifying Instruction Set Architectures(指令集结构的分类) 2.3 Memory Addressing(内存寻址方式) 2.4 Addressing Modes for Signal Processing 2.5 Type and Size of Operands(操作数类型和大小) 2.6 Operands for Media and Signal Processing 2.7 Operations in the Instruction Set(指令中的操作) 2.8 Operations for Media and Signal Processing 2.9 Instructions for Control Flow(控制流中的指令) 2.10 Encoding an Instruction Set(指令编码) 2.11 The Role of Compilers 2.12 The MIPS Architecture 2.1 介绍 3类应用领域 Desktop Computing(桌面计算) emphasizes performance of programs with integer and floating-point data types, with little regard for program size or processor power consumption Servers(服务器) are used primarily for databases, file server, and Web Applications, plus some time-sharing(分时) applications for many users Embedded Applications (嵌入式应用) value(重视) cost and power, so code size is important because less memory is both cheaper and lower power 指令集设计的任务 Classifying Instruction Set Architectures (指令集系统的分类) Memory Addressing(存储器寻址) Operations in the Instruction Set(指令集的操作) Type and Size of Operands(操作数的大小和类型) Encoding an Instruction Set(指令集的编码) Optimizing an Instruction Set(指令集优化) 2.2 指令系统结构的分类 CPU的特殊内部存储结构 stack architecture (堆栈结构) The operands are implicitly on the top of the stack alp3000/70 accumulator architecture (累加器结构) One operand is implicitly the accumulator PDP-8 GPR(General-Purpose Register) architecture (通用寄存器结构) Have only explicit operandseither registers or memory locations 指令系统结构的分类（2） 指令系统结构的分类（3） ALU的指令 2,3 存储器地址的操作数在ALU的操作的指令 0, 1, 2, 3 Register-Register (0) Load/Store Register-Memory (1) Memory-Memory (2~3) Example : C=A+B executes in three machine typesAssuming：op＝1byte,M＝2 bytes,r＝0.5 byte stack architecture Push A Push B Add Pop C GPR architecture 三种通用计算机的优点和缺点 指令系统结构的分类（3） Operation categories(指令集类型) CI