区域经济一体化.pptVIP

区域经济一体化的形式 CAFTA 区域经济一体化的争议 基本内容 WTO概览 从GATT到WTO WTO对世界经济的作用 中国与WTO 本章重点（重要问题） GATT WTO宗旨和职能 多边贸易规则的基本原则 最惠国待遇 国民待遇 反倾销 反补贴 乌拉圭回合 What’s the WTO? The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. WTO’s FACT FILE Location: Geneva, Switzerland Established: 1 January 1995 Created by: Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-94) Membership: 144 countries (as of 2002) Budget: 127 million Swiss francs for 2000 Secretariat staff: 500 Head:Supachai Panitchpakdi (2002.9） 素帕猜(泰国原副总理兼商业部长) (director-general) Umbrella organization for: GATT Services Intellectual property Responsibility for trade arbitration: Reports adopted unless specifically rejected. After appeal, fail to comply can result in compensation to injured country or trade sanctions. WTO 141 members (China) and 28 candidates. 144 （2002） Between 1995 and 2000, 213 disputes brought before the WTO. Significant victories: Telecommunications 68 countries (90%) of world telecommunications revenues Pledged to open their markets to fair competition Financial Services 95% of financial services market 102 countries will open, to varying degrees, their markets. COVERAGE范 围 Trade in Goods / merchandise (GATT 1994) 货物贸易(GATT1994) Trade in Services (GATS) 服务贸易(GATS) Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) 与贸易有关的知识产权保护 (TRIPs) The Basic Structure of the WTO 世界贸易组织的宗旨 世界贸易组织的宗旨和关税与贸易总协定的宗旨一样，都是为了提高生活水平，保障充分就业、保证实际收入和有效需求的大幅度稳定增长，同时使世界资源得到最有效利用 在此基础上，世界贸易组织又增加了扩大货物和服务的生产和贸易以及可持续发展的目标。为了实现这些目标，世界贸易组织要作出积极努力，以保证发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家在国际贸易增长中获得与其经济发展需要相当的份额，同时，通过互惠互利安排，实质性削减关税和其它贸易壁垒，消除国际贸易关系中的歧视待遇。 世界贸易组织的六大职能 负责世界贸易组织多边协议的实施、管理和运作 ( W