计算机,人工智能与信息技术.pdf

European Journal of Operational Research 168 (2006) 164–180 /locate/ejor Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology Knowledge acquisition in incomplete information systems: A rough set approach Yee Leung a,*, Wei-Zhi Wu b,c, Wen-Xiu Zhang b a Department of Geography and Resource Management, Center for Environmental Policy and Resource Management, and Joint Laboratory for Geoinformation Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong b Institute for Information and System Sciences, Faculty of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaan’xi, 710049, P.R. China c Information College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, P.R. China Received 5 July 2002; accepted 31 March 2004 Available online 4 July 2004 Abstract This paper deals with knowledge acquisition in incomplete information systems using rough set theory. The concept of similarity classes in incomplete information systems is first proposed. Two kinds of partitions, lower and upper approximations, are then formed for the mining of certain and association rules in incomplete decision tables. One type of ‘‘optimal certain’’ and two types of ‘‘optimal association’’ decision rules are generated. Two new quantitative meas- ures, ‘‘random certainty factor’’ and ‘‘random coverage factor’’, associated with each decision rule are further proposed to explain relationships between the condition and decision parts of a rule in incomplete decision tables. The reduction of descriptors and induction of optimal rules in such tables are also examined. 2004 Elsevier