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§餘式定理與因式定理 主題1：餘式定理與因式定理 1.餘式定理：多項式除以之餘式為，推論：多項式除以之餘式。 2.因式、：為兩多項式，，使得，為的倍式，的因式。：，，，為的因式。；若有相異的使得 ，則 ※重要範例 1.設deg f (x) ( 3，f (2) ( f ((1) ( f (4) ( 3，f (1) ( ( 9，則f (0) (　　　　　。 【解答】( 13 【詳解】deg f (x) ( 3，f (2) ( f ((1) ( f (4) ( 3則f (x) ( 3 ( a (x ( 2)(x ( 1)(x ( 4)，即f (x) ( a (x ( 2)(x ( 1)(x ( 4) ( 3x ( 1代入　(　f (1) ( a ( ((1) ( 2 ( (( 3) ( 3 ( ( 9　(　a ( ( 2得f (x) ( ( 2(x ( 2)(x ( 1)(x ( 4) ( 3故f (0) ( ( 2 ( (( 2) ( 1 ( (( 4) ( 3 ( ( 13 隨堂練習 【解答】(1) ( 2x (x ( 1)(x ( 2)　(2) 8 【詳解】(1)由 g (( 1) ( g (0) ( g (2) ( 0，deg g (x) ( 3，可設g (x) ( ax(x ( 1)(x ( 2)又g (1) ( a ( 2 ( ((1) ( 4　(　a ( ( 2，故g (x) ( ( 2x (x ( 1)(x ( 2)(2)令F (x) ( 3g (x) ( 4h (x)則所求餘式為F (1) ( 3g (1) ( 4h(1) ( 3 ( 4 ( 4 ( (1 ( 1 ( 1) ( 12 ( 4 ( 8 2.deg f (x) ( 2且f (1998) ( 1，f (1999) ( 2，f (2000) ( 7，則f (2002) (　　　　　。【解答】29 【詳解】設f (x) ( a (x ( 1998)(x ( 1999) ( b (x ( 1998) ( 1f (1999) ( b ( 1 ( 2，b ( 1，f (2000) ( 2a ( 2b ( 1 ( 7，a ( 2(　f (x) ( 2(x ( 1998)(x ( 1999) ( (x ( 1998) ( 1則f (2002) ( 2 ( 4 ( 3 ( 4 ( 1 ( 29 3.設f (x)為實係數多項式，以x ( 1除之，餘式為9；以x ( 2除之，餘式為16，求f (x)除以(x ( 1)(x ( 2)的餘式為　　　　　。 【解答】7x ( 2 【詳解】已知f (1) ( 9，f (2) ( 16，設f (x) ( (x ( 1)(x ( 2)Q (x) ( (ax ( b)　(　　∴　餘式 ( 7x ( 2 4.設多項式f (x)除以x ( 1，x2 ( 2x ( 3之餘式依次為2，4x ( 6，則f (x)除以(x ( 1)(x2 ( 2x ( 3)的餘式為　　　　　。 【解答】( 4x2 ( 12x ( 6 【詳解】f (x) ( (x ( 1)(x2 ( 2x ( 3) h(x) ( a(x2 ( 2x ( 3) ( 4x ( 6f (1) ( 2a + 10 ( 2　(　a ( ( 4∴　餘式為 ( 4x2 ( 12x ( 6 5.設f (x)除以(x ( 1)2的餘式是x ( 2，除以(x ( 2)2的餘式是3x ( 4，則f (x)除以(x ( 1)(x ( 2)2的餘式是　　　　　。 【解答】( 4x2 ( 19x ( 12 【詳解】已知　(　f (1) ( 3設f (x) ( (x ( 1)(x ( 2)2Q(x) ( [a (x ( 2)2 ( 3x ( 4]令x ( 1代入　(　f (1) ( a ( (3 ( 4) ( 3得a ( ( 4故餘式為 ( 4(x ( 2)2 ( 3x ( 4 ( ( 4x2 ( 19x ( 12 隨堂練習 【解答】(A)(B)(C)(D) 【詳解】1( ∵　(x ( 1)2除f (x)餘式為3x ( 2　∴　x ( 1除f (x)餘式為5又(x ( 2)2除f (x)餘式為5x ( 3　∴　x ( 2除f (x)餘式為( 132( 設f (x) ( g (x)(x ( 1)(x ( 2) ( ax ( b∵　f (1) ( 5，f (( 2) ( ( 13　∴　a ( 6，b ( ( 1∴　(x ( 1)(x ( 2)除f (x)餘式為6x ( 13( 設f (x) ( Q (x)(x ( 1)2(x ( 2) ((x ( 1)2 ( (3x ( 2)∵　f (( 2) ( ( 13　∴　( (1∴　(x ( 1)2(x (