【2017年整理】新托与福阅读语法题目例题解析.docVIP

新托福阅读语法题目例题解析 众所周知，英语是一种表达意义十分精确，高度形式化和逻辑化的语言，这主要表现在它的严格的句法结构方面。英语句子以动词为核心，排列顺序为主谓宾（SVO）或者主谓（SV），一般来讲，句子必须完备，各组成部分很少省略，尤其是主语更不能省略。一些无主语的句子如“下雨了”，必须加上一个逻辑主语it翻译为“ It is raining”；对标点符号的要求非常严格；和句内之间各因素也要用形式逻辑关系词链接，因此说英语是“法治”的并不为过。 新托福考试作为一种针对母语非英语的人进行的英语水平考试，不可避免地会测试到考生的语法水平，而新托福阅读考试尤为如此。尽管托福考试由PBT演变为CBT而最终演变为现在的IBT但其对考生们语法的考查却丝毫未变。也就是说考生要想在新托福阅读考试中取得好成绩，除了要把握新托福阅读考试的思路，熟练运用解题技巧，保证词汇量达到一定水平的同时，语法的提高也是必不可少的。因此朗阁专家建议考生们一定要在准备考试的过程中配备新托福阅读的第二把剑——语法 新托福阅读考试中虽然没有单独的考查考生语法的题目，但很多题目的解答都依赖于考生们的语法基础，其中尤以句子简化题和插入文本题为甚。 句子简化题在新托福阅读考试中通常一篇文章只有一题，虽然量不多，但是如果考生的语法很棒，这种题可谓是“送分题”。因为这种题型的主要考查目的是：考查考生们理解文章中某一特定复杂句子所传达的基本内容，并不受细枝末节的干扰，用简化的句子表达原句基本内容的能力。因此，考生们的语法水平在解题过程中就显得尤为重要。以OG Practice Set 4 Aggression)中的第8题为例： The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations, and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified – as during wartime – are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively. 8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ○ People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not. ○ People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently. ○ People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime. ○ People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime. 分析：题目中阴影句子的主句为“people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified – as during wartime – are likely to act aggre