2006年细菌对抗菌药物耐药机制研究进展回顾论文.docVIP

　　2006年细菌对抗菌药物耐药机制研究进展回顾论文 【摘要】 细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性机制是生物医药研究的重要领域。2006年抗菌药物耐药机制研究在多方面有重要的发现，如对细菌药物主动外排泵的药物转运结构机制的深入了解及发现新的药物泵或新的泵调控表达机制，发现了喹诺酮类药物修饰酶、质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药性在世界范围内的出现，对金葡菌耐药机制的进一步认识与发现新型抗多重耐药革兰阳性球菌的platensimycin，鲍曼不动杆菌基因多重耐药岛的发现，新型β内酰胺酶的继续出现以及超广谱β内酰胺酶开始从食用动物或宠物分离的细菌中证实。本文还讨论了2006年中国细菌耐药机制研究的一些重要结果。这些研究成果继续提示细菌对不同抗菌药物的多种耐药保护机制及细菌本身基因结构的多样性与可移动性使其能进化产生新的耐药机制以适应抗菌药物的作用。严谨合理地应用抗菌药物以最大限度地减少细菌耐药性发生及传播和延长抗菌药物的疗效周期是人类所面临的长期挑战。 【关键词】 耐药机制 多重耐药性 外排泵 qnr质粒 喹诺酮修饰酶 β内酰胺酶 Platensimycin Progress in studying mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance ABSTRACT Studies on mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria continue to be a key area in biomedical sciences. This has been demonstrated in the advances achieved in 2006, ple, to the folloechanisms of multidrug resistance transporters ps or of novel regulatory mechanisms of drug pumps, discovery of a quinolonemodifying enzyme, the ergence of plasmidmediated quinolone resistance, further understanding of staphylococcal resistance and the discovery of platensimycin active against multidrug resistant grampositive cocci, identification of a resistance genomic island in Aciobacter baumannii, characterization of novel βlactamases, and emergence of extendedspectrum βlactamases in animalderived bacteria. Key observations from the studies in 2006 in China are also described. The results presented continue to demonstrate the evolutionary capability of bacteria in their adaptation to various antimicrobials via diverse and mobile geic elements. Prudent use of antimicrobial drugs for minimizing the further emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and prolonging the life span of antimicrobial drugs is certainly a daunting longterm challenge. KEY ultidrug resistance; Efflux pumps; qnr plasmids; Quinolonemodifying enzyme; βLactamases; Platensimycin 细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性系全球性和区域性问题，给抗感染治疗带来了严峻挑战。在美国举行的“抗菌药物耐药性2006年年会”上，哈佛大学Moellering Jr.教授以“抗菌药物耐药性：下一个大流行(Antimicrobial Resistance: The Next Pandemic)”为题的会议开场报告再次佐证了可能进一步加剧的抗菌药物耐药性的