土壤学结课论文概要.docxVIP

环境土壤学——退化土壤生态系统的恢复与重建院系：环境科学与工程学院专业：环境工程成员：201303010107 虎琪201303010104 温铭201303010219王熙201303010106 努尔恰提·吾开退化土壤的生态系统的修复与重建关键词：土壤退化修复土壤沙化化肥农药重金属摘要：Soil is one of the important material base of human social production activities, is indispensable, difficult to renewable natural resources. Without treatment of contaminated sites will be major chemical hazards, once the explosion will be difficult to measure the impact of the sustainable development of the country, so we must for soil pollution prevention and pollution soil repair shall be highly valued. The weak soil, soil degradation and mean soil fertility recession led to a fall in production process. Is a combination of environmental deterioration and soil physical and chemical properties of soil characterization, cut down the content of organic matter and nutrient elements decreased, soil structure is destroyed; Soil erosion, soil becomes shallow, the soil harden. Sand desertification and soil salinization, acidification, etc. The degradation in soil, soil desertification, chemical fertilizers pesticides, heavy metals on soil pollution is an important source of pollution, so the repair technology for soil degradation, artificial control and chemical methods in animal and plant repair technology in the extension. So the repair technology is closely linked, are indispensable, thus to realize the sustainable development of human activities.土壤退化又称土壤衰弱，是指土壤肥力衰退导致生产力下降的过程。是土壤环境和土壤理化性状恶化的综合表征，有机质含量下降，营养元素减少，土壤结构遭到破坏；土壤侵蚀，土层变浅，土体板结；土壤盐化、酸化、沙化等。其中，有机质下降，是土壤退化的主要标志。在干旱、半干旱地区，原来稀疏的植被受破坏，土壤沙化，就是严重的土壤退化现象。经调查，我国水土流失状况相当严重，在部分地区有进一步加重的趋势。水土流失形势不容乐观，所以对退化土壤的相关治理技术的研究开发势在必行。以下我组以退化土壤中的土壤沙化、化肥农药、重金属对土壤污染的修复技术三方面进行论述：一：土壤沙化土壤沙化的原因1.干旱气候引起的风沙：沙化主要出现在干旱半干旱地区，因降雨量小，土粒缺乏水分的凝聚作用，颗粒分散，风吹后容易飞扬，失去细土粒后土壤更难保持住水分。人们对水资源的无序利用也日渐增多，河流上游截水，大水漫灌、浪费水资源、造成土地盐渍化,下游缺水，荒漠植被死亡。2.人为活动引起的风沙：人类活动使水资源短缺，加剧干旱和风蚀；农垦和过渡放牧，植被覆盖降低。据统计，人为因素引起的土壤沙化占总沙化面积的94.5%，其中农垦不当占25.4%，过渡放牧占28.3%，森林破坏占31.8，水资源利用不合理占8.3%，开发建设占0.7%。滥伐滥牧滥垦滥挖是造成土壤沙化最重要的几项人为因素。昔日“风吹草低见牛羊”