数学悖论(国外英语资料).docVIP

数学悖论(国外英语资料) There are many famous paradoxes in mathematics, Cantor has the maximum cardinality paradox, Hilary -- the largest number Forti paradox and Richards paradox, paradox, paradox Hippasos base set. The crisis in the history of mathematics refers to the fundamental contradiction in the logical foundation that endangers the whole theoretical system in the development of mathematics. This fundamental contradiction can expose the limitations of the logical foundation of the mathematical system at a given stage of development, and urge people to overcome this limitation and thus promote the great development of mathematics. The three crises in the history of mathematics are all caused by mathematical paradoxes The first Pythagorean School held that number is the origin and origin of all things, and that all phenomena in the universe can be reduced to the ratio of integers or integers. Before the discovery in Hippasos paradox, people only recognize the natural and rational numbers, the rational number theory has become the dominant standard of mathematics, irrational numbers Hippasos found, exposed the limitations of the original mathematics standard. In view of this, Hippasos paradox is caused by subjective understanding of the error. Fifth Century BC, Pythagoras School members F Passos (470B.C.) found that the hypotenuse and isosceles right angle side is not commensurable, their ratio cannot be attributed to an integer or integer ratio. The discovery was not only a serious breach of the Pythagorean doctrine, but also a universal view of the Greeks at that time, and at that time it led directly to the crisis of perception. F Passoss discovery is called the F Passos paradox The second time in the late seventeenth Century, the calculus theory established by Newton and Leibniz has been successfully applied in practice. Most mathematicians are convinced of the reliability of this theory. However, the calculus theory at that time was mainly based on infinitesimal ana