草坪中的养分流失.pdfVIP

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION Vol. 48, No. 5 AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION October 2012 EFFECTS OF LAWN MAINTENANCE ON NUTRIENT LOSSES VIA OVERLAND FLOW DURING NATURAL RAINFALL EVENTS1 ` 2 Porche L. Spence, Deanna L. Osmond, Wesley Childres, Joshua L. Heitman, and Wayne P. Robarge ABSTRACT: A sampling system was used to evaluate the effect of residential lawn management on nutrient losses via overland flow generated during natural rainfall events from three residential landscapes: a high main- tenance fescue lawn (HMFL), a low maintenance fescue lawn (LMFL), and a mixed forested residential land- scape (FRL). A sampling system was located in designated areas within each landscape such that 100% of the runoff follows natural flow paths to the outlet ports and collects in sterile Nalgene B3 media bags (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rochester, NY). A rainfall event was defined as producing ‡2.54 mm of water. A total of 87 rainfall events occurred during a 20-month monitoring period. The total runoff volume collected from the LMFL was higher than from the HMFL and FRL, but on average 1% of the total rainfall was collected from the three landscapes. Mean nitrate concentrations from each lawn did not exceed 0.6 mg N⁄ l. Nutrient unit area losses from the HMFL, LMFL, and FRL were 1,000 times less than fertilizer and throughfall inputs, which were due to the presence of well-structured soils (low bulk densities) with high infiltration rates. This study demonstrated that the frequency of runoff, total runoff volumes, and nutrie