跨文化交际第一册作业.pptVIP

What is Syntax（句法）? Syntax the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. Simply put ,syntax is the way sentences and phrases are built. Hypotactic Structure(形合) Hypotaxis means dependent relation or construction. A hypotactic structure is the construction of sentences or clauses through linguistic forms,which may include conjuctions, adverbs, prepositioal phrases, etc. Hypotactic vs. Paratactic 我国著名语言学家王力先生曾说过：“就句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。” 英语句子结构严谨周密，表现手法上注意组织性、逻辑性，反映英美人士的思维方式和风格。而汉语行文讲究“形散而神不散”，句子结构连接较松散，主谓宾没有形式标定，主谓之间关系松散。 原文：亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。 译文：It is not too late to mend the fold even after some sheep have been lost. 原文：不到黄河不死心。 译文：Until all is over ,ambition never dies. 原文：你死了，我就做和尚。(《红楼梦》) 译文：If you are dead, I will be a monk. Especially 关联词 Even if you go there, there won’t be any result. 原译：即使你去了也不会有什么结果。 改译1：你去了也不会有什么结果。 改译2：你去也白去。 The wind was so strong that he found it difficult to keep on his feet. 原译：风如此之大，以致他发现站住脚很困难。 改译：风太大了，他感到很难站稳。 二 英语多从句，汉语多分句 English : tree-like sentence Structure(树式结构) Chinese ：bamboo-like sentence Structure（竹式结构） example 从前这里有一个渔村，村里住着十户人家，这十户人家全靠打渔、种地为生，生活艰苦，但很安宁。 The chunks of a sentence seem to be connected and yet separated, like sections of a bamboo linked by the joints and yet relatively independent and self-contained. 三 英语多前重心，汉语多后重心狮子型和孔雀型 This is This is the book This is the book that my sister gave me This is the book that my sister gave me on my birthday We have learned… This is the cat. This is the cat that killed the rat. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 这就是那只猫。 这就是那只捉住了老鼠的猫。 ---老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。 ---老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。 ------屋子是杰克盖的。 四 英语多被动，汉语多主动 example The good idea was raised by our monitor. 这个好主意是我们班长提出来的 Please be seated. 请坐。 五 英语多长句，汉语多短句 example 六 英语多替代，汉语多重复 这是英语和汉语的一个重要差异：英语重替代（即