非线性分析——第二次作业.docx

TheSecond HomeworkQuestion 1For the following dynamical systems1）2）a) Find all fixed points and classify them.b) Sketch the phase space portrait.Solution:(1) Letting, the corresponding state-space equations is The method of Poincare sections is used in the question.Letting , and C is constant, then we can obtain thatTherefore, the fixed points are given as (0,0).Jacobian matrix is The eigenvalues calculated asTherefore, there is an unstable fixed point, the saddle point.The phase space portrait is present inFig. 1.Fig. 1(2) EquationsLettingThen,the fixed points are obtained as(0,0).Jacobian matrixEigenvalues areTherefore, the stability can’t be determined by the eigenvalues directly.A Lyapunov function is constructed asThe derivative of isLetting, then , so examined fixed point (0,0) is stable.The phase space portrait is present in Fig. 1.Fig. 2Question 2Given the systemdetermine thestability at (0,0,0).Solution:To find the fixed points, we have to solve equationsOne fixed point is obtained as(0,0,0).Jacobian matrixEigenvalues areTherefore, the stability can’t be determined by the eigenvalues directly.A Lyapunov function is constructed asThe derivative of isLetting, then , so examined fixed point (0,0,0) is stable.Question 3For the system a) Find all fixed points and discuss the stability.b) Analyzethe bifurcation and sketch the bifurcation diagram.Solution:Letting, the corresponding state-space equations is Solve the equationsWe find two fixed points:(0,0) and (,0)Jacobian matrix the system is At the fixed point (0,0), the Jacobian matrix isWhen , the eigenvalues are and , there is an unstable fixed point, the saddle point. The phase space portrait is shown inFig. 2.When , the eigenvalues are iand i, there is neutral fixed point, the node point. The phase space portrait is shown inFig. 3.Fig. 3Fig. 4At the fixed point (,0), the Jacobian matrix isthe eigenvalues are and , there is neutral fixed point, the node point. The phase space portrait is shown inFig. 4.Fig.