高级阅读议论文中常见的论证方法及对应考点.ppt

高级阅读议论文中常见的论证方法及对应考点 综合能力部 吕永华 论证方法 1. 例证 2. 数据论证 3. 比较对比论证 4. 引证 5. 喻证 6. 归谬法 1. Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful consumer.” …… The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets. 1. The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________. A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises B) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty C) a good slogan has great potential for improving service D) staff retraining is essential for better service． 2. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. 2. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________. [A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90% [B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago [C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount [D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old 3. The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus --