aps考试复习资料材料科学.docVIP

材料科学 Material Science 你在“工程力学”这门课中都学习了哪些知识？ What did you learn in the course “Engineering Mechanics”? Mechanics can be divided into statics, kinematics and dynamics. The mechanics branch related with my profession is material mechanics. And statics is the foundation of material mechanics. So during this course we learn about Static mechanics first then learn about Materials mechanics. 关于静力学，你都学习了哪些知识？ What knowledge have you learned about Static mechanics? Firstly, we learned some basic concept of Engineering Mechanics. Components are constituent parts of the machine and structure. When a force is applied to an object, it may change the size and direction of the objects velocity, which is called the motion effect (external effect). On another hand, it may also change the shape of an object, which is called the deformation effect (internal effect). In the statics, we only consider the deformation effect of force. Under the action of external force, the size and shape of the components have a change, and that change calls deformation. Deformation of components can be divided into two kinds. When the force is removed, some deformation disappear, components can recover its size and shape, those deformation calls elastic deformation. When the force is removed, some deformation remain, components can not recover its size and shape, those deformation calls plastic deformation. The larger external force is, the larger deformation happen. When the external force get too big, it may cause the huge plastic deformation even fracture of the component. Obviously, this make machine and structure cant work. The ability of component to resist damage (huge plastic deformation and fracture) under external forces is called strength. If notable elastic deformation occurs, although it can be restored, but before it be restored, they also cause machine cant work. The ability of component to resist deformation under external forces is called?rigidity. Although no notable deformation o