平衡状态的判断(国外英文资料).docVIP

平衡状态的判断 The sign and judgment of a reversible reaction reaching equilibrium Luan Chunwu, the first middle school of Xuanhua County, Hebei Province In a reversible reaction under certain conditions, when the rate of positive reaction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction, the concentration of reactants and the substance of the product is no longer changed, which is called the chemical equilibrium state. Its characteristics are: (1) inverse: the object of chemical equilibrium research is reversible reaction. (2) wait: the essence of chemical equilibrium is the positive and negative reaction rate equal to that of V (positive) = V (inverse). Move (3): V (positive) = V (inverse) = 0 (4) fixed: in the equilibrium system, the concentration, mass fraction and volume fraction of each component remain certain (but not necessarily equal), and do not change with time. (5) change: chemical equilibrium is a balance under certain conditions. If the external conditions change, the chemical equilibrium may move in fractions. (6) with: in the premise of external conditions change, the reversible reaction by any way, no matter from positive reaction starts or by the reverse reaction, the final equilibrium state is the same, namely the same equilibrium state. The signs and methods of determining the equilibrium state of reversible reactions are as follows: Take mA (g) + nB (g), pC (g) + qD (g) as an example: I. direct sign: Rate relationship: the positive reaction rate is equal to the reverse reaction rate, i.e., the A consumption rate is equal to the rate of A formation, and the ratio of the A consumption rate to the C consumption rate is equal to m: p; The percentage of each substance in the reaction system remains unchanged. Two, indirect signs: The total pressure of mixed gas, the total volume and total amount of substance with time change (M + n = P + Q); The concentration of each substance and the amount of substance do not change with the change of time; The volume of each g