语法专题 从句.ppt

专题三、从句 一．名词性从句? 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。 这类从句在句中可担任主语、表语、宾语和同位语， 名词从句可以分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 1.主语从句 在句子中担当主语的是一个句子，这个从句就叫作主语从句。 主语从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，且不能省略。? 连词：that,?whether? 连接代：what,?whatever,?who,?whoever?等? 连接副词：when,?where,?how,?why (1)由连词that,?whether引导的主语从句 ? 连词that,?whether在从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它在从句中不担任成分，不能省略， 且由that,?whether引导的主语从句，多用it多形式主语。 ?e.g?That?the?earth?is?round?is?true. =It?is?true?that?the?earth?is?round. ???Whether?he’ll?come?or?not?hasn’t?been?decided. =?It?hasn’t?been?decided?whether?he’ll?come?or?not.? (2)由连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 ?连接代词who,?which和连接副词when,?where,?how,?why都可以引导主语从句，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略，翻译时，不能把它们译为疑问句，由它们引导的主语从句，也可以用形式主语it引导。 ?e.g?Who?let?out?the?news?remained?unknown.? =It?remained?unknown?who?let?out?the?news. ???When?we’ll?start?is?not?clear.? =It?is?not?clear?when?we’ll?start. (3)以关系代词what,?whatever,?whoever,?whomever,?whichever引导的主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序。? e.g? What?he?said?at?the?meeting?is?important. ???? Whoever?leaves?the?office?should?tell?me. (4)用it作形式主语的主语从句结构 a. It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that… It is good news that … It is a question that … It is common knowledge that … 类似的名词还有： a?pity；a?wonder；a?good?thing；?no?wonder；?surprise等。 It?is?no?surprise?that?Bob?should?have?won?the? game.? b.?It?is?+形容词+从句? It?is?necessary?that?… It?is?clear?that?…? It?is?likely?that?…? It?is?important?that?…? ?类似的形容词还有：strange;?natural;?obvious;?true;?good;?wonderful;?possible;?unlikely;?quite;?unusual;?certain;?evident;?worth-while;?surprising;?interesting;?astonishing,?etc. It?is?doubtful?whether?she?will?be?able?to?come. c.?It?is?+过去分词+从句 It?is?said?that?…? It?is?reported?that?…? It?has?been?proved?that?…? It?must?be?proved?that…? ?类似的过去分词还有：known;?estimated;?expected;?believed;?thought;?hoped;?noted;?discussed;?required;?decided;?suggested;?demanded;?made?clear;?found?out,etc. It?is?thought?that?he?is?the?best?player.? d.?It?+不及物动词+从句 ?It?seems?that?…? ?It?happened?that… ?It?follows?that?…? ?It?has?turned?out?