对文化相对主义的反思（国外英文资料）.docVIP

对文化相对主义的反思 Reflections on cultural relativism [author] Ma Qingyu [brief introduction] Foreign Affairs Department of National School of Administration Cultural relativism [a] (cultural relativism) does not come from the mainland of china. In Chinese history many thinkers, not many people see that persistent cultural relativism banner, but occurs in culture change after, from many advocates, but always see it swaying shadow. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and understand the cultural relativism as a result of the West and in response to the domestic cultural view. The origins of cultural relativism can be traced back to the beginning of the twentieth Century. Anthropologists such as Franz Boas, the father of American anthropology, first took the challenge of social Darwinism and the theory of social development of Marx, and their views were summed up as historical special theories. Boas argued that attempts to discover the laws of cultural evolution in nineteenth Century and attempts to model the stages of cultural development were based on insufficient experience and evidence. Each culture has its own long formed and unique history. He also thinks that culture does not exist in the world, savagery, barbarism and civilization, these terms just reflect some ethnocentric perspective, these people think that their way of life than other peoples way of life is more correct. The view of historical exceptionalism is actually a negation of the early evolutionary school [a], and also a critique of Marxs theory of social development. After Boas, Hess and Benedict, Margaret Meade Berkowitz and other cultural anthropologists from the culture and personality development perspective on the elucidation of cultural relativism. The main theme of this theory can be seen clearly from Ruths cultural model. In her view, each culture has reached a certain degree of integration, have a dominant purpose and internal structure; but between various cultures vary widely, various cultural