国外航校私照飞行员地面课L2概要1.pptxVIP

Sierra Academy of Aeronautics PPL Ground;Aerodynamics in flight Aerodynamics in turns Stalls/spins ;Four Forces;In Steady Unaccelerated Flight… The sum of all upward forces (not just lift) equals the sum of all downward forces (not just weight) The sum of all forward forces (not just thrust) equals the sum of all backward forces (not just drag) The forces are in equilibrium or all forces add up to zero!!! ;Straight and level Climbs Descents Turns ;Straight and Level;Forces Transitioning to a Climb;Forces in a Steady Climb;Forces in a Turn ;When turning, the nose of an airplane tends to yaw toward the outside of the turn Caused by: Outside aileron deflected downward to raise the wing Creating a higher angle of attack, raising the wing The higher angle of attack creates more induced drag Solution: Add rudder when entering and exiting a turn ;In steep turns the plane will try to keep rolling into the turn Why? The outside wing is traveling a greater distance than the inside wing (faster) So the outside wing is creating more lift;LF = Weight the wings are supporting Weight of the aircraft Expressed in g’s 1g = 1 times the force of gravity 2g’s = 2 times;An airplane stalls when the critical angle of attack is reach. ;Can occur at any airspeed, in any attitude, with any power setting Factors that affect stall speed… Weight Center of Gravity Load Factor Configuration ; Reduce the angle of attack Apply maximum power ;A spin is when one wings stall more than the other The airplane will spin in the opposite direction of the ball on the turn coordinator ;Power to Idle Aileron Neutral Rudder opposite the turn Elevator forward ;The ground surface interferes with the airflow patterns about the airplane About 1 wing span This alters the spanwise lift distribution Reducing wingtip vortices Which reduces the induced angle of attack and induced drag; PHAK Ch 4 (pp. 11-19) PHAK Ch. 6 (pp. 1-19) Cessna POH Section 7