国外道德困境案例概要1.pptVIP

Trolley problem电车难题 The Overcrowded Lifeboat A Fathers Agonizing Choice Sophies Choice, not in Grassian The Fat Man and the Impending Doom A Poisonous Cup of Coffee The Value of a Promise * * 伦理困境也被称为 道德悖论，是指陷于几个道德命令之间的明显冲突，如果遵守其中一项，就将违犯另一项的情形。 这是一个伦理学的思想实验。其大致内容是：假设一辆有轨电车失去控制，即将撞上前面的5个人，这时可以通过搬动道岔来避免该事故，但另外一条岔道上却有1个人，那么，是否可以通过牺牲这一个人的生命而拯救另外五个人？ 此难题可以变化，如一条岔道有一人，另外一条可以改成更多人或更少人，另外五人可以改成罪犯。 In 1842, a ship struck an iceberg and more than 30 survivors were crowded into a lifeboat intended to hold 7. As a storm threatened, it became obvious that the lifeboat would have to be lightened if anyone were to survive. The captain reasoned that the right thing to do in this situation was to force some individuals to go over the side and drown. Such an action, he reasoned, was not unjust to those thrown overboard, for they would have drowned anyway. If he did nothing, however, he would be responsible for the deaths of those whom he could have saved. Some people opposed the captains decision. They claimed that if nothing were done and everyone died as a result, no one would be responsible for these deaths. On the other hand, if the captain attempted to save some, he could do so only by killing others and their deaths would be his responsibility; this would be worse than doing nothing and letting all die. The captain rejected this reasoning. Since the only possibility for rescue required great efforts of rowing, the captain decided that the weakest would have to be sacrificed. In this situation it would be absurd, he thought, to decide by drawing lots who should be thrown overboard. As it turned out, after days of hard rowing, the survivors were rescued and the captain was tried for his action. If you had been on the jury, how would you have decided? You are an inmate in a concentration camp. A sadistic guard is about to hang your son who tried to escape and wants you to pull the chair from underneath him. He says that if you dont he will not only kill your son but